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More Effecitve C++ 目錄

基礎議題(Basics) 009

條款1:仔細差別 pointers 和 references 009

Distinguish between pointers and references.

條款2:最好使用 C++ 轉型操作符 012

Prefer C++-style casts.

條款3:絕對不要以多态(polymorphically)方式處理數組 016

Never treat arrays polymorphically.

條款4:非必要不提供 default constructor 019

Avoid gratuitous default constructors.

操作符(Operators) 024

條款5:對定制的“類型轉換函數”保持警覺 024

Be wary of user-defined conversion functions.

條款6:差別 increment/decrement 操作符的前置(prefix)和後置(postfix)形式 031

Distinguish between prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators.

條款7:千萬不要重載&&,||和, 操作符 035

Never overload &&, ||, or ,.

條款8:了解各種不同意義的 new 和 delete 038

Understand the different meanings of new and delete

異常(Exceptions) 044

條款9:利用 destructors 避免洩漏資源 045

Use destructors to prevent resource leaks.

條款10:在 constructors 内阻止資源洩漏(resource leak) 050

Prevent resource leaks in constructors.

條款11:禁止異常(exceptions)流出 destructors 之外 058

Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors.

條款12:了解“抛出一個 exception”與“傳遞一個參數”或“調用一個虛函數”之間的差異 061

Understand how throwing an exception differs from passing a parameter or calling a virtual function.

條款13:以 by reference 方式捕捉 exceptions 068

Catch exceptions by reference.

條款14:明智運用 exception specifications 072

Use exception specifications judiciously.

條款15:了解異常處理(exception handling)的成本 078

Understand the costs of exception handling.

效率(Efficiency) 081

條款16:謹記 80-20 法則 082

Remember the 80-20 rule.

條款17:考慮使用 lazy evaluation(緩式評估) 085

Consider using lazy evaluation.

條款18:分期攤還預期的計算成本 093

Amortize the cost of expected computations.

條款19:了解臨時對象的來源 098

Understand the origin of temporary objects.

條款20:協助完成“傳回值優化(RVO)” 101

Facilitate the return value optimization.

條款21:利用重載技術(overload)避免隐式類型轉換(implict type conversions)105

Overload to avoid implicit type conversions.

條款22:考慮以操作符複合形式(op=)取代其獨身形式(op) 107

Consider using op= instead of stand-alone op.

條款23:考慮使用其他程式庫 110

Consider alternative libraries.

條款24:了解 virtual functions、multiple inheritance、virtual base classes、runtime type identification 的成本 113

Understand the costs of virtual functions, multiple inheritance, virtual base classes, and RTTI.

技術(Techniques, Idioms, Patterns) 123

條款25:将 constructor 和 non-member functions 虛化 123

Virtualizing constructors and non-member functions.

條款26:限制某個 class 所能産生的對象數量 130

Limiting the number of objects of a class.

條款27:要求(或禁止)對象産生于 heap 之中 145

Requiring or prohibiting heap-based objects.

條款28:Smart Pointers(智能指針) 159

Smart Pointers

條款29:Reference counting(引用計數) 183

Reference counting

條款30:Proxy classes(替身類、代理類) 213

Proxy classes

條款31:讓函數根據一個以上的對象類型來決定如何虛化 228

Making functions virtual with respect to more than one object.

雜項讨論(Miscellany) 252

條款32:在未來時态下發展程式 252

Program in the future tense.

條款33:将非尾端類(non-leaf classes)設計為抽象類(abstract classes) 258

Make non-leaf classes abstract.

條款34:如何在同一個程式中結合 C++ 和 C 270

Understand how to combine C++ and C in the same program.

條款35:讓自己習慣于标準 C++ 語言 277

Familiarize yourself with the language standard.

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