程序分析工具 pstack ptree strace

1. 當程序卡住不動或者死鎖時，pstack可以把目前程序的代碼棧打出來，友善我們排查。

   用法非常簡單，後面直接加程序号即可。如果是多線程的，則會列印每個線程的堆棧資訊。

   man pstack 可檢視幫助

[[email protected] ~]# pstack 7383
Thread 8 (Thread 0x7fcc0429c700 (LWP 7384)):
#0  0x00007fcc0d322a82 in pthread_cond_timedwait@@GLIBC_2.3.2 () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x00007fcc08f5f299 in cnd_timedwait (cond=<optimized out>, mtx=<optimized out>, ts=<optimized out>) at tinycthread.c:462
#2  0x00007fcc08f5f67d in cnd_timedwait_abs ([email protected]=0x25570b8, [email protected]=0x2557090, [email protected]=0x7fcc04299df0) at tinycthread_extra.c:100
#3  0x00007fcc08f2852e in rd_kafka_q_serve (rkq=0x2557090, timeout_ms=<optimized out>, [email protected]=0, [email protected]=RD_KAFKA_Q_CB_CALLBACK, callback=cal[email protected]=0x0, [email protected]=0x0) at rdkafka_queue.c:462
#4  0x00007fcc08ef5dbc in rd_kafka_thread_main ([email protected]=0x2556390) at rdkafka.c:1836
#5  0x00007fcc08f5f0f7 in _thrd_wrapper_function (aArg=<optimized out>) at tinycthread.c:576
#6  0x00007fcc0d31edc5 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#7  0x00007fcc0a3e221d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6
Thread 7 (Thread 0x7fcc03a9b700 (LWP 7385)):
#0  0x00007fcc0d322a82 in pthread_cond_timedwait@@GLIBC_2.3.2 () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x00007fcc08f5f299 in cnd_timedwait (cond=<optimized out>, mtx=<optimized out>, ts=<optimized out>) at tinycthread.c:462
#2  0x00007fcc08f5f67d in cnd_timedwait_abs ([email protected]=0x25580d8, [email protected]=0x25580b0, [email protected]=0x7fcc03a98ad0) at tinycthread_extra.c:100
#3  0x00007fcc08f2814c in rd_kafka_q_pop_serve (rkq=0x25580b0, timeout_ms=<optimized out>, [email protected]=0, [email protected]=RD_KAFKA_Q_CB_RETURN, callback=cal[email protected]=0x0, [email protected]=0x0) at rdkafka_queue.c:390
#4  0x00007fcc08f28220 in rd_kafka_q_pop (rkq=<optimized out>, timeout_ms=<optimized out>, [email protected]=0) at rdkafka_queue.c:416
...　太多了，省略
           

２.　檢視程序樹

pstree 常用參數也是後面加pid

[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep Demo
root      30731  10338  2 12:38 pts/0    00:00:00 ./Demo
root      30781  30696  0 12:38 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto Demo
[[email protected] ~]# pstree -p 30731 
Demo(30731)─┬─{Demo}(30733)
               ├─{Demo}(30734)
               ├─{Demo}(30735)
               ├─{Demo}(30736)
               ├─{Demo}(30737)
               ├─{Demo}(30738)
           

1. strace 的功能比較強大

   一般這麼用-o指定輸出檔案，-T 統計系統函數耗時，–tt 時間戳（微妙）

strace -o output.txt -T -tt -e trace=all -p 28979
           

内容如下

21:58:56.981775 read(18, "\26\3\3\0A", 5) = 5 <0.003039>
21:58:56.985280 read(18, "\2\0\0=\3\3\346\351\20\300\201\305D7K}.\2107\"\237\375\266\241\301q\r\267\231R\337Z"..., 65) = 65 <0.000121>
21:58:56.985642 read(18, "\26\3\3\6\"", 5) = 5 <0.000131>
21:58:56.985953 read(18, "\v\0\6\36\0\6\33\0\3\v0\202\3\0070\202\1\357\240\3\2\1\2\2\1\0020\r\6\t*\206"..., 1570) = 1570 <0.000131>
21:58:56.986544 stat("/usr/local/mysql/ssl/certs/e86656db.0", 0x7ffcdee82ef0) = -1 ENOENT (沒有那個檔案或目錄) <0.000148>
21:58:56.987298 stat("/usr/local/mysql/ssl/certs/e86656db.0", 0x7ffcdee82ef0) = -1 ENOENT (沒有那個檔案或目錄) <0.000127>
21:58:56.987674 stat("/usr/local/mysql/ssl/certs/e86656db.0", 0x7ffcdee82ef0) = -1 ENOENT (沒有那個檔案或目錄) <0.000147>
21:58:56.988023 read(18, "\26\3\3\1,", 5) = 5 <0.000134>
21:58:56.988368 read(18, "\f\0\1(\3\0\35 \261o\0R\226\177yN<\16v\305!\25\213\30\266\364\24^\301\341\255\""..., 300) = 300 <0.000134>
21:58:56.989207 read(18, "\26\3\3\0:", 5) = 5 <0.000108>
21:58:56.989555 read(18, "\r\0\0006\3\1\2@\0.\4\3\5\3\6\3\10\7\10\10\10\t\10\n\10\v\10\4\10\5\10\6"..., 58) = 58 <0.000131>
21:58:56.989889 read(18, "\26\3\3\0\4", 5) = 5 <0.000060>
           

以上三個工具結合起來可以分析程序在什麼地方耗時過多，進而有目的的優化程式。更多詳細的使用方法，可以參考man手冊。