在Android系統中實作AIDL功能

之前實作AIDL的功能都是通過eclipse或者android studio工具實作，最近由于項目需要，需要系統層提供接口給應用層使用，是以想到使用AIDL。下面已一個非常簡單的Demo來說明在Android系統平台生成AIDL的jar供應用層使用。

一、AIDL的jar制作

首先建立一個android項目來用生産aidl的jar包，項目結構如下：

[email protected]:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJar$ tree

├── Android.mk

└── src

└── com

└── china

└── jar

├── IVoiceClientInterface.aidl

└── VoiceManager.java

隻有三個檔案，首先看一下IVoiceClientInterface.aidl檔案：

package com.china.jar;

interface IVoiceClientInterface{
	void face();
}

裡面隻有一個簡單的方法face。 IVoiceClientInterface.aidl主要是伺服器端來實作的，而VoiceManager.java是供用戶端調用face方法使用的。VoiceManager.java具體實作如下：

package com.china.jar;

import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface;

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.os.ServiceManager;

public class VoiceManager {
	private static final String TAG = "VoiceManager";
	private static VoiceManager mVoiceManager;
	private static IVoiceClientInterface mService = null;
	public static final String NAME = "simple_jar";
	public static final boolean DEBUG_DATA = true;
	
	private final HandlerThread mWorkThread;
	private final Handler mWorkHander;
	private static final int MSG_INIT_SERVICE = 0x01;
	
	//單例模式
	public static synchronized VoiceManager getInstance(){
		if (null == mVoiceManager){
			synchronized (VoiceManager.class) {
				if (null == mVoiceManager){
					mVoiceManager = new VoiceManager();
				}
			}
		}
		return mVoiceManager;
	}
	
	private VoiceManager(){
		mWorkThread = new HandlerThread("simple_manager");
		mWorkThread.start();
		mWorkHander = new Handler(mWorkThread.getLooper()){
			@Override
			public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
				switch (msg.what) {
				case MSG_INIT_SERVICE:
					removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);
					
					break;

				default:
					break;
				}
			}
		};
	}
	//擷取服務端注冊的NAME服務并跟服務端建立連接配接
	private synchronized IVoiceClientInterface getService(){
		if (null == mService){
			Log.e(TAG, "IVocieService init");
			mService = IVoiceClientInterface.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager
                    .getService(NAME));
		}
		
		if (null == mService){
			Log.e(TAG, "jar service is null");
			mWorkHander.removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);
			mWorkHander.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_INIT_SERVICE, 100);
		}
		return mService;
	}
	
        //調用服務端的face方法，實作兩個不同app之間的程序間通信
	public void face(){
		Log.d(TAG, "face");
		mService = getService();
		if (null == mService){
			Log.e(TAG, "face mService is null!");
			return ;
		}
		try{
			mService.face();
		}catch(RemoteException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

Android.mk檔案主要是用來将IVoiceClientInterface.aidl和VoiceManager.java編譯成jar包，以友善在eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService
LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)

将該項目放置到android系統的packages/apps目錄單編就可以生産out/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/SimpleJar_intermediates/classes.jar，classes.jar就可以導入eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。

二、服務端實作AIDL中的接口demo目錄結構如下：

[email protected]:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarService$ tree

├── AndroidManifest.xml

├── Android.mk

├── libs

│ └── simple.jar

├── res

│ ├── drawable-hdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── drawable-ldpi

│ ├── drawable-mdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── drawable-xhdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── layout

│ ├── values

│ │ ├── strings.xml

│ │ └── styles.xml

│ ├── values-v11

│ │ └── styles.xml

│ └── values-v14

│ └── styles.xml

└── src

└── com

└── china

└── service

├── BootReceiverBroadcast.java

├── Logger.java

└── SimpleService.java

主要實作隻有5個檔案：SimpleService.java、Logger.java、BootReceiverBroadcast.java、 Android.mk、 AndroidManifest.xml。SimpleService.java是實作AIDL的服務，具體實作如下：

package com.china.service;

import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface;
import com.china.jar.VoiceManager;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;

public class SimpleService extends Service{
	private static VoiceClientInterfaceImpl mBinder;
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		Logger.d();
		return mBinder;//跟用戶端綁定
	}
	
	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		super.onCreate();
		Logger.d();
		if (null == mBinder){
			initService();
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
		Logger.d();
		if (null == mBinder){
			initService();
		}
		return START_STICKY;
	}
	//實作AIDL的接口
	private class VoiceClientInterfaceImpl extends IVoiceClientInterface.Stub{
		@Override
		public void face() throws RemoteException {
			Logger.d("face----excute!");//用戶端調用face方法時這裡會執行，會列印face----excute!
		}
	}
	//初始化服務，主要是向系統注冊服務
	private void initService(){
		Logger.d();
		if (null == mBinder){
			synchronized (SimpleService.class) {
				if (null == mBinder){
					try {
						mBinder = new VoiceClientInterfaceImpl();
						ServiceManager.addService(VoiceManager.NAME, mBinder);
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

Logger.java是列印Log的簡單封裝，具體如下：

package com.china.service;

import android.util.Log;

import java.util.Locale;

public class Logger {
    public static final boolean DEBUG = true;
    public static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "AIOS_";

    public Logger(){}
    public static void d(){
        if (DEBUG){
            Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix());
        }
    }

    public static void d(String msg){
        if (DEBUG){
            Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,  getPrefix() + msg);
        }
    }

    public static void d(String msg, Throwable tr){
        if (DEBUG){
            Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg, tr);
        }
    }


    private static String getPrefix(){
        StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[4];
        String className = stackTraceElement.getClassName();
        int classNameStartIndex = className.lastIndexOf(".") + 1;
        className = className.substring(classNameStartIndex);
        String methodName = stackTraceElement.getMethodName();
        int methodLine = stackTraceElement.getLineNumber();
        String format = "%s_%s(L:%d)";
        return String.format(Locale.CANADA, format, className, methodName, methodLine);
    }

}

BootReceiverBroadcast.java是開機完成的時候拉起 SimpleService服務，具體實作如下：

package com.china.service;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

public class BootReceiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Logger.d();
        Intent service = new Intent(context, SimpleService.class);//開機啟動會拉起服務SimpleService
        context.startService(service);
    }
}

Android.mk具體實作如下：

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService
LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false
LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional 
LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=simple:libs/simple.jar 
include $(BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT)
include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))

這裡的simple.jar是第一步中制作的classes.jar。 AndroidManifest.xml配置檔案如下：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.chinatsp.service"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0"
    android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"
     >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <service android:name="com.china.service.SimpleService"></service>
        <receiver android:name="com.china.service.BootReceiverBroadcast">
             <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
                <!-- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> -->
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

到這裡服務端就實作完了。

三、用戶端實作AIDL的接口調用demo目錄結構如下：

[email protected]:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarClient$ tree

├── AndroidManifest.xml

├── Android.mk

├── libs

│ └── simple.jar

├── res

│ ├── drawable-hdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── drawable-ldpi

│ ├── drawable-mdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── drawable-xhdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── drawable-xxhdpi

│ │ └── ic_launcher.png

│ ├── layout

│ │ ├── activity_main.xml

│ │ ├── activity_tss.xml

│ │ └── test.xml

│ ├── menu

│ ├── values

│ │ ├── dimens.xml

│ │ └── strings.xml

│ ├── values-v11

│ ├── values-v14

│ └── values-w820dp

│ └── dimens.xml

└── src

└── com

└── example

└── helloworld

├── TestVoice.java

└── util

└── Logger.java

這裡主要看5個檔案：Logger.java、 test.xml、TestVoice.java、Android.mk、AndroidManifest.xml，其中Logger.java跟服務端代碼一樣的。TestVoice.java的實作也很簡單，在button調用face方法，具體實作如下：

package com.example.helloworld;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.helloworld.util.Logger;


public class TestVoice extends Activity{
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.test);
	}
	
	public void startVoice(View view){
		Logger.d();
    }
    
    public void stopVoice(View view){
    	Logger.d();
    	com.china.jar.VoiceManager.getInstance().face();
    }
    
    public void finishVoice(View view){
    	Logger.d();
    	finish();
    }

	
	
}

test.xml布局如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    
    <Button 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="startVoice"
        android:text="@string/tts_start"/>
    
    <Button 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="stopVoice"
        android:text="@string/tts_stop"/>
    
    <Button 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="finishVoice"
        android:text="@string/tts_finish"/>

</LinearLayout>

Android.mk實作如下：

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple.jar 
#LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := Hello
#LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
#LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false
#LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)

AndroidManifest.xml實作如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.helloworld"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"/>
	
    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.helloworld.TestVoice"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

到這裡用戶端也實作了。将服務端跟用戶端的apk安裝到系統就可以測試了。

測試結果列印如下：

在Android系統中實作AIDL功能

在Android系統中實作AIDL功能

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