【MySQL】MySQL零碎積累

MySQL闆剁绉瘡

鈻犮€€銆€鍦ㄧ粰MySQL娣誨姞鏂扮敤鎴鋒椂鍙互杩欎箞鎿嶄綔锛?

create user 'newUser' identified by 'password';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'newUser'@'%';
flush privileges;      

銆€銆€newUser鏄敤鎴峰悕锛宲assword鏄瘑鐮侊紝grant all鎸囨妸浠巗elect鍒癲rop锛宒elete绛夌瓑鍚勭鍏抽敭瀛楃殑鏉冮檺閮借祴缁欒繖涓敤鎴鳳紝鑰岃繖涓敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ綔鐢ㄧ殑搴撳拰琛ㄦ槸*.*锛堟墍鏈夊簱涓殑鎵€鏈夎〃锛夛紝@'%'琛ㄥ悕鏃犺杩欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄粠浠€涔堝湴鏂矽繛鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁搴撻兘鍙互鏈夋潈闄愩€傚鏋滄槸@'localhost'鐨勮瘽閭ｄ箞鍙湁浠庢湰鍦拌繛鍏ユ墠鏈夋潈闄愩€俧lush privileges鐢ㄤ簬鏇存柊绯葷粺鐨勬潈闄愯〃銆?

銆€銆€濡傛涓€鏉ユ柊鐢ㄦ埛灏卞垱寤哄畬鎴愪簡銆備絾鏄湪涓€浜涙儏鍐典笅锛屾垜浠粛鐒舵棤娉曚粠mysql鐨勫懡浠よ鐣岄潰鐧誨綍杩欎釜鏂扮敤鎴鳳紝鐢╠bvis绛夊伐鍏峰嵈鍙互杩滅▼杩炴帴銆傜綉涓婅浜嗕竴浜涙坊鍔犲厤瀵嗙爜閰嶇疆浠€涔堢殑娌繪爣涓嶆不鏈€傚叾瀹炴槸鍥犱負mysql.user琛ㄤ腑瀛樺湪鍑犱釜鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛锛岃繖鍑犱釜鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ嵁璇存槸涓轟簡淇濊瘉鍏嶅瘑鐧誨綍鐨勫彲鑳斤紝鎰熻寰堟壇銆傘€傛€諱箣鎶婁粬浠粠user琛ㄤ腑鍒犳帀涔嬪悗锛屽啀閲嶅惎涓媘ysqld鏈嶅姟灏卞彲浠ヨ鏂闆垱寤虹殑鐢ㄦ埛浠巑ysql鍛戒護琛岀晫闈㈢櫥褰曚簡銆傦細

mysql>delete from mysql.user where user='';
mysql>quit;

#mysql -u newUser -p
password:
mysql>    #鐧誨綍鎴愬姛      

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鈻犮€€銆€鏇存敼瀵嗙爜鏃剁殑鐗規畩鎿嶄綔

銆€銆€濡傛灉蹇樿浜嗘煇涓敤鎴風殑瀵嗙爜锛岄偅涔堝彲浠ラ€氳繃鏀矽〃鐨勬柟寮忔潵鏇存敼瀵嗙爜銆備絾鏄娉ㄦ剰鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勫瘑鐮佸瓨鐨勫綋鐒朵笉鏄槑鏂囪€屾槸鍔犲瘑杩囩殑鐗堟湰銆傛瘮濡傦細

update user set password='123456' where user='Frank';
#杩欐牱鏄敊鐨勶紒杩欐牱瀛樺埌琛ㄤ腑瀵嗙爜瀛楁鐨勫唴瀹規槸123456锛屾槸鏄庢枃锛屼笉鑳藉彂鎸ヤ綔鐢?
update user set password=password('123456') where user='Frank';
#杩欐牱鎵嶆槸瀵圭殑      

銆€銆€鏀瑰畬涔嬪悗濡傛灉鏃犳晥鏋滆寰楅噸鍚笅mysql銆?

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鈻犮€€銆€鏌ョ湅涓€涓〃鏈韓鐨勪俊鎭紝姣斿鍚湁鍝簺瀛楁锛屽摢浜涘叧鑱斿叧绯葷瓑閫氳繃鐨勬槸

銆€銆€show create table <琛ㄥ悕>聽 杩欐牱鏉ョ湅鐨勩€?

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鈻犮€€銆€鏈夊閿叧鑱旂殑琛ㄤ笉鑳界洿鎺ラ€氳繃drop table <琛ㄥ悕> 鍒犻櫎銆傚繀椤昏鍏堝幓闄ゅ閿叧鑱斻€傝€屽幓闄ゅ閿叧鑱旂殑鎿嶄綔鏄細

alter table <琛ㄥ悕> drop foreign key <澶栭敭鍚?gt;;      

銆€銆€鎵€璋撶殑澶栭敭鍚嶅彲浠ラ€氳繃show create table <琛ㄥ悕>聽 鏉ユ煡鍒般€傛瘮濡傝繖鏍蜂竴琛屼腑锛?

銆€銆€CONSTRAINT `articles_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`) 聽聽 articles_ibfk_1灏辨槸澶栭敭鍚嶄簡銆?

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鈻犮€€銆€浠婂ぉ鍦ㄧ敤SQLAlchemy鎻掑叆鏁版嵁鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏃犺濡備綍閮芥姤鏁版嵁杩囬暱鐨?406閿欒銆備絾鏄偗瀹氫笉鏄湡鐨勬暟鎹繃闀誇簡锛屾槸瀛楃缂栫爜鐨勯棶棰橈紙鐢ㄨ嫳鏂囧氨鍙互鎻掑叆浜嗭級銆備粩缁嗘鏌ヤ簡涓€涓嬩箣鍚庯紝鍙戠幇鏄暟鎹簱鐨刄RI涓渶鍚庡姞涓婁簡鍙傛暟charset=gbk锛岀劧鑰屽疄闄呬笂鏁版嵁搴撶殑缂栫爜鏍煎紡宸茬粡琚垜alter鎴恥tf8浜嗐€傘€傛墍浠ユ兂瑕佷笉鎶ラ敊灏卞簲璇ユ敞鎰忎袱鑰呯殑缁熶竴銆?

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鈻犮€€銆€鏌ョ湅鏁版嵁搴撳ぇ灏忋€佽〃澶у皬绛夋暟鎹?

銆€銆€杩欎簺鏁版嵁閮借缁存姢鍦╥nformation_schema杩欎釜鏁版嵁搴撲腑锛岃€屾暟鎹ぇ灏忔槸鐢眃ata_length瀛楁璇存槑鐨勩€傛墍浠ヨ鏌ョ湅涓€涓暟鎹簱鎴栬€呬竴寮犺〃鐨勫ぇ灏忓彲浠ラ噰鍙栬繖鏍風殑鎵嬫锛?

use information_schema;

select concat(round(sum(data_length/1024/1024),2),'MB') as data from tables;
/*鏌ョ湅鎵€鏈夋暟鎹紙鍏ㄩ儴搴撶殑鍏ㄩ儴琛級鍗犵敤绌洪棿澶у皬*/

select concat(round(sum(data_length/1024/1024),2),'MB') as data from tables where table_schema='database' and table_name='table';
/*鏍規嵁where瀛愬彞鏌ョ湅鏌愪釜鐗瑰畾鏁版嵁搴揹atabase鍜屾煇寮犵壒瀹氱殑琛╰able鐨勫崰鐢ㄧ┖闂村ぇ灏?/      

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鈻犮€€銆€鏁版嵁鐨勫浠藉拰杩樺師

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ懡浠よ鐢╩ysql鑷甫鐨刴ysqldump鍛戒護灏卞彲浠ュ疄鐜版瘮杈冨ソ鐨勬暟鎹簱锛堣〃锛夌殑澶囦喚鍜岃繕鍘熴€?

銆€銆€姣斿鍙互mysqldump -hhost -uuser -ppassword database_name > dmpfile.dmp銆傚洜涓烘妸瀵嗙爜鍐欏湪鏄庢枃涓紝mysql杩樹細鎻愮ず涓嶅畨鍏紝鍦ㄤ氦浜掔晫闈㈠彲浠ラ殣鍘葷劧鍚庤緭鍏ャ€?

銆€銆€鐒跺悗鎴戜滑灏卞緱鍒頒簡涓€涓猟mpfile.dmp鏂囦歡锛屾墦寮€鐪嬩笅鍏跺疄閲岄潰灏辨槸SQL璇彞銆?

銆€銆€涓婇潰杩欎釜鍛戒護杩樺彧鏄病鏈変換浣曞弬鏁扮殑鍛戒護锛屾瘮杈冩垚鐔熺殑鏄細

銆€銆€mysqldump -hhost -uuser -ppassword --skip-opt --skip-comment --complete-insert --add-drop-table db_name > dmpfile.dmp

銆€銆€涓婇潰鐨勮繖鍑犱釜鍙傛暟閮芥槸鏄捐€屾槗瑙佺殑锛屽叾涓璦dd-drop-table鏄湪鎵€鏈夊緩琛ㄨ鍙ヤ箣鍓嶅鍔犱竴涓狣ROP TABLE IF EXISTS锛岃繖鏍峰氨鍙互鐩存帴瑕嗙洊鐜鑰屼笉鏄渶瑕佸厛娓呭簱浜嗐€?

銆€銆€杩樺師鏁版嵁鏃訛紝涓€绉嶆柟娉曟槸鍏堥€氳繃瀛楃鐣岄潰鐧誨綍鍒癿ysql涓紝閫夋嫨瑕佽鐩栫殑鏁版嵁搴擄紙濡傛灉娌℃湁鐨勮瘽灏辮閲嶆柊鍒涘緩涓€涓柊鏁版嵁搴撲簡锛屾鏃跺簲璇ユ敞鎰忓綋鍓嶇敤鎴峰杩欎釜鏂版暟鎹簱鏈夋潈闄愬苟涓旀柊鏁版嵁搴撶殑缂栫爜搴旇鍜岃€佹暟鎹簱涓€鑷達級锛岀劧鍚庣‘淇濊杩樺師鐨勬暟鎹兘鍚庣紑鏄?sql锛岀劧鍚庡湪鏁版嵁搴撲腑杩愯鍛戒護source /path/to/dmp.sql銆傜劧鍚庣瓑杩愯灏卞ソ浜嗐€傝繍琛屽畬鎴愪箣鍚庡彲浠ヨ繘鍘葷湅鐪嬫儏鍐碉紝鏈夋椂鍊欎腑鏂囦細閬囧埌涔辯爜銆傚鏋滀腑鏂囬亣鍒頒貢鐮佽纭瀵煎嚭鏉ョ殑.sql鏂囦歡鐨勭紪鐮佹牸寮忓拰瑕佸鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁搴撶殑缂栫爜鏍煎紡銆傚鏋滀笉纭畾鍙互鍦ㄥ鍑哄鍏ュ懡浠や腑浣撶幇锛屾瘮濡傚鍑烘椂鍔犱笂--default-character-set=utf8锛屽鍏ュ墠鍦ㄩ€氳繃mysql鍛戒護鐧誨綍鏁版嵁搴撴椂鍔犱笂--default-character-set=utf8锛屽啀source鍙互淇濊瘉缂栫爜涓€鑷達紝涔熷氨涓嶄細涔辯爜浜嗐€?

銆€銆€闇€瑕佹敞鎰忕殑涓€涓潙锛氬鍑烘潵鐨勬暟鎹枃浠朵腑锛堝鏋滃師搴撲腑鏈夎鍥句箣绫葷殑涓滆タ鐨勮瘽锛夋槸鍙兘鍚湁瀵煎嚭鍔ㄤ綔鏃舵暟鎹簱鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪俊鎭殑锛屽鏋滃鍏ユ柊搴撴椂浣跨敤鐨勭敤鎴楓€佸簱鍚嶇瓑鍜岃€佸簱涓嶄竴鑷達紝灏卞彲鑳戒細寮曡搗鎶ラ敊銆備竴涓В鍐蟲柟妗堝氨鏄慨鏀瑰鍑烘枃浠朵腑鎵€鏈夎€佸簱鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶄互鍙婄浉鍏充俊鎭負鏂闆簱鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰鐩稿叧淇℃伅銆傜壒鍒敞鎰忓鍑烘暟鎹腑鍖呭惈瑙嗗浘鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍦ㄦ枃浠剁殑鏈熬闄勮繎浼氭湁寰堝鍒涘緩瑙嗗浘鐨勮鍙ワ紙琛ㄩ潰涓婅繕鏄娉ㄩ噴鐫€鐨勶級锛屾鏃舵湁涓瓧娈礑EFINER=xxx杩欎釜xxx鏄鍑烘椂鐢ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紝鑰屽鏋滃鍏ユ椂鐢ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶄笉涓€鏍蜂簡锛岃寰楄鎶婅繖涓敤鎴峰悕缁欐敼杩囨潵銆?

銆€銆€鍙︿竴涓潙锛氬綋閫夌敤--skip-opts鍙傛暟涔嬪悗锛屽叾瀹炴槸閫夋嫨绂佺敤浜嗕竴鎵瑰弬鏁幫紝杩欎簺鍙傛暟澶ц嚧鍖呮嫭--add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset, --disable-keys銆傚叾涓€煎緱涓€鎻愮殑鏄痗reate-options锛屼笉甯︽鍙傛暟瀵煎嚭锛岃〃涓殑鑷瀛楁浼氭棤娉曟垚鍔熺敓鏁堛€傚嵆瀵煎嚭鐨凷QL鐨勫緩琛ㄨ鍙ヤ腑娌℃湁AUTO_INCREMENT鐨勫０鏄庣殑銆傚彟澶杄xtended-insert鍜宑omplete-insert鏄弽涔夎瘝锛屽墠鑰呰〃绀烘彃鍏ユ暟鎹椂鐨刬nsert璇彞鏄竴寮犺〃鍙湁涓€鍙ワ紝鏁版嵁浠ュ涓厓缁勭殑鍒楄〃鐨勫艦寮忔彃鍏ャ€傝€宑omplete-insert鍙傛暟瀵煎嚭鐨凷QL涓璱nsert璇彞鏄竴琛屼竴鍙ャ€傚洜姝ゅ悗鑰呭鍑虹殑鏂囦歡浼氬ぇ寰堝锛岃€屼笖鎻掑叆閫熷害浼氭參涓€鐐廣€備笉杩囧墠鑰呮瘮杈冩秷鑰楁暟鎹簱鎬ц兘锛屼袱鑰呴渶瑕佹潈琛°€?

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鈻犮€€銆€mysql鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄愭煡鐪?

SHOW GRANTS FOR root@'%';      

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鈻犮€€銆€mysql鏂闆緩鐨勭敤鎴鋒娲繪棤娉曠櫥褰?

銆€銆€鎸夌収涓婇潰鐨勬祦绋嬶紝鏂闆緩浜嗕竴涓暟鎹簱锛屾柊寤轟竴涓敤鎴峰苟涓旂粰鐢ㄦ埛鎺堟潈浜嗚繖涓暟鎹簱鐨勬搷浣滄潈闄愶紝鑰屼笖杩樻槸username@'%'鐨勬巿鏉冦€?

銆€銆€缁忚繃杩欐牱鎿嶄綔鍦ㄦ垜鍙︿竴鍙版満鍣ㄤ笂鍒涘緩鍑烘潵鐨勭敤鎴峰凡缁忓彲浠ユ甯鎬嬌鐢ㄦ暟鎹簱浜嗭紝浣嗘槸杩欏彴涓婄殑姝繪椿鏃犳硶浠巐ocalhost鐧誨綍鏁版嵁搴擄紝锛岃瘯閿欎簡濂戒箙锛屽苟涓斿幓缃戜笂鎵句簡涓€浜涚瓟妗堜箣鍚庡彂鐜頒簡闂鍘熷洜銆傚湪mysql.user琛ㄤ腑锛屽瓨鍦ㄤ竴浜泆ser鎴栬€卲assword涓虹┖鐨勬墍璋撯€滃尶鍚嶇敤鎴風殑瀛樺湪鈥?锛屽簲璇ュ氨鏄尶鍚嶇敤鎴峰甫鏉ョ殑闅滅锛堣櫧鐒朵笉鐭ラ亾涓轟粈涔堝尶鍚嶇敤鎴蜂細瀵艱嚧姝ｅ父鐢ㄦ埛鏃犳硶鐧誨綍锛夛紝鎬諱箣鍒犲厜杩欎簺鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛灏卞ソ浜?

銆€銆€delete from mysql.user where user='' or password='';

銆€銆€涔嬪悗鍒繕浜嗗啀flush privileges涓€涓嬨€?

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鈻犮€€銆€mysql鐨勫垎椤墊煡璇互鍙婃€ц兘灏忎紭鍖?

銆€銆€浼楁墍鍛ㄧ煡mysql鍙互閫氳繃limit鍏抽敭瀛楄繘琛屾寚瀹歳ange鐨勫垎椤墊煡璇€傝娉曞叾瀹炴槸杩欐牱鐨勶細

SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT [START,]OFFSET;      

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銆€銆€鈼?鍏充簬鎬ц兘锛?

銆€銆€鍒嗛〉鏌ヨ鏃訛紝鍙互閫氳繃瀹為獙寰楃煡锛岃秺鏄ぇ鐨凷TART鍊兼煡璇㈣搗鏉ヨ秺鏄參銆傛瘮濡?

SELECT * FROM EVENTS LIMIT 10000,20锛?/*鐢ㄦ椂0.2s*/
SELECT * FROM EVENTS LIMIT 1000000,20;
/*鐢ㄦ椂 3.36s*/      

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SELECT * FROM EVENTS WHERE eventid >= (SELECT eventid FROM EVENTS LIMIT 1000000,1) LIMIT 20;      

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鈻犮€€銆€sql鎻掑叆鏁版嵁涓惈鏈夊崟寮曞彿

銆€銆€SQL涓鏋滄彃鍏ュ瓧绗︿覆涓惈鏈夊崟寮曞彿锛屾鏃跺簲璇ュ皢鍗曞紩鍙峰啓涓や釜浣滀負杞箟銆傘€傛剰鎯充笉鍒扮殑杞箟鏂規硶锛?

INSERT INTO my_table VALUES ('10001','Let's Go') /*閿欒*/

INSERT INTO my_table VALUES ('10001','Let\'s Go') /*閿欒*/

INSERT INTO my_table VALUES ('10001','Let''s Go') /*姝ｇ‘*/      

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select * from information_schema.columns where table_schema='database_name' and table_name='table_name'
/*杩欏彞SQL灏卞彲浠ユ煡鍒癲atabase_name搴撲腑table_name琛ㄧ殑鎵€鏈夊瓧娈典俊鎭簡*/      

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銆€銆€濡傛灉涓ゅ紶琛ㄧ粨鏋勪竴鏍鳳紝鍙互绠€鍗曞湴;

INSERT INTO 琛?
  SELECT * FROM 琛?      

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  SELECT (COL1,COL2,COL3) FROM 琛?      

銆€銆€鍑犱釜琛ㄦ販鍚堢粍鍚堟暟鎹彲浠ュ涓嬶細

INSERT INTO 琛? (COL1,COL2,COL3)
  VALUES ((SELECT COL1 FROM 琛?),(SELECT COL2 FROM 琛?),(SELECT COL3 FROM 琛?))      

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銆€銆€浣跨敤mysqldump鐨勬椂鍊欏嚭鐜頒簡绫諱技浜?

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