基于樹莓派車牌識别門禁系統
- 前言
-
- 開發環境
- 源碼
- 硬體
- 效果示範
- 後記
前言
畢業設計想做一個集大學所自學過的所有語言,再加上嵌入式的完整應用類型。但由于疫情的原因,沒辦法完整的展現。不過中間還是自己一系列将前端、後端、前後端互動、資料庫以及Android控制都整了一遍,還是受益匪淺。在此将經驗分享出來順便自己也留戀一下,止增消遣。
開發環境
在最初,本來想直接在樹莓派上跑車牌識别的Python源碼,但由于樹莓派用的是3B型号的,要跑這種深度學習架構的東西記憶體不太夠,即使改了特征參數還是容易崩掉,最後實在沒辦法就采用PC做主要端、樹莓派做采集端的方案來做。後面發現這樣搞還容易加web端這些後續拓展,這也算是曲線救國哈哈
- 樹莓派 :3B加系統2019-09-26-raspbian-buster.img;
- PC :Visual studio2019;
- 資料庫: MySQL8.0版本;
- HTML :Adobe公司的DW;
- 前後端互動: Flask架構+ajax輪詢;
- Android :Android studio;
- 車牌識别算法 :OpenCV-4.1.0+Python3.7,具體參考大佬部落格車牌号識别 python + opencv;
- 深度學習訓練樣本 :Anaconda3-2019.10-Windows-x86_64+tensorflow,具體參考大佬部落格TensorFlow車牌識别完整版(含車牌資料集)。
源碼
連結:https://pan.baidu.com/s/11HsGVzaFizBd-yzvfqK9gw
提取碼:zxuv
具體的源碼請看百度網盤下載下傳,也在csdn裡扔了一份。這裡貼上一部分主要程式,可單獨運作。
PC識别主要端:
1.surface.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tkinter as tk
import urllib
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter import ttk
import predict
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import threading
import time
import numpy as np
import urllib.request
import socket
import MySQLdb
# 用于顯示的圖檔的路徑
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\pic\\chepai.jpg'
host = "192.168.43.161:8080"# 對應樹莓派上開啟的位址
if len(sys.argv)>1:
host = sys.argv[1]
hoststr = 'http://' + host + '/?action=stream'
print('Streaming ' + hoststr)
stream=urllib.request.urlopen(hoststr)
bytes=b''
class Surface(ttk.Frame):
pic_path = ""
viewhigh = 600
viewwide = 600
update_time = 0
thread = None
thread_run = False
camera = None
color_transform = {"green":("綠牌","#55FF55"), "yello":("黃牌","#FFFF00"), "blue":("藍牌","#6666FF")}
def __init__(self, win):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, win)
frame_left = ttk.Frame(self)
frame_right1 = ttk.Frame(self)
frame_right2 = ttk.Frame(self)
win.title("車牌識别")
win.state("zoomed")
self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES, padx="5", pady="5")
frame_left.pack(side=LEFT,expand=1,fill=BOTH)
frame_right1.pack(side=TOP,expand=1,fill=tk.Y)
frame_right2.pack(side=RIGHT,expand=0)
ttk.Label(frame_left, text='原圖:').pack(anchor="nw")
ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='車牌位置:').grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)
from_pic_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="來自圖檔", width=20, command=self.from_pic)
from_vedio_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="來自攝像頭", width=20, command=self.from_vedio)
self.image_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_left)
self.image_ctl.pack(anchor="nw")
self.roi_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1)
self.roi_ctl.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W)
ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='識别結果:').grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W)
self.r_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="")
self.r_ctl.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=tk.W)
self.color_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="", width="20")
self.color_ctl.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)
from_vedio_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")
from_pic_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")
self.predictor = predict.CardPredictor()
self.predictor.train_svm()
def get_imgtk(self, img_bgr):
img = cv2.cvtColor(img_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
im = Image.fromarray(img)
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)
wide = imgtk.width()
high = imgtk.height()
if wide > self.viewwide or high > self.viewhigh:
wide_factor = self.viewwide / wide
high_factor = self.viewhigh / high
factor = min(wide_factor, high_factor)
wide = int(wide * factor)
if wide <= 0 : wide = 1
high = int(high * factor)
if high <= 0 : high = 1
im=im.resize((wide, high), Image.ANTIALIAS)
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)
return imgtk
def show_roi(self, r, roi, color):
if r :
roi = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
roi = Image.fromarray(roi)
self.imgtk_roi = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=roi)
self.roi_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk_roi, state='enable')
self.r_ctl.configure(text=str(r))
self.update_time = time.time()
try:
c = self.color_transform[color]
self.color_ctl.configure(text=c[0], background=c[1], state='enable')
except:
self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
elif self.update_time + 8 < time.time():
self.roi_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
self.r_ctl.configure(text="")
self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')
def from_vedio(self):
if self.thread_run:
return
if self.camera is None:
self.camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
if not self.camera.isOpened():
mBox.showwarning('警告', '攝像頭打開失敗!')
self.camera = None
return
self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.vedio_thread, args=(self,bytes))
self.thread.setDaemon(True)
self.thread.start()
self.thread_run = True
def from_pic(self):
self.thread_run = False
self.pic_path = askopenfilename(title="選擇識别圖檔", filetypes=[("jpg圖檔", "*.jpg")])
if self.pic_path:
img_bgr = predict.imreadex(self.pic_path)
self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)
self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)
combine(r)
self.show_roi(r, roi, color)
@staticmethod
def vedio_thread(self,bytes):
self.thread_run = True
predict_time = time.time()
while self.thread_run:
# _, img_bgr = self.camera.read()
# self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)
# self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
# if time.time() - predict_time > 2:
# r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)
# self.show_roi(r, roi, color)
# predict_time = time.time()
bytes += stream.read(1024)
a = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd8')
b = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd9')
if a != -1 and b != -1:
jpg = bytes[a:b + 2]
bytes = bytes[b + 2:]
# flags = 1 for color image
# 來自網頁的攝像頭資料
frame = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(jpg, dtype=np.uint8), flags=1)
self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(frame)
self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)
if time.time() - predict_time > 2:
r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(frame)
if len(r):
print('OK')
combine(r)
cv2.imwrite(IMAGE_PATH, frame) # 儲存目前識别的圖檔
image = cv2.imread(IMAGE_PATH)
cv2.imshow('img', image)
self.show_roi(r, roi, color)
cv2.waitKey()
predict_time = time.time()
print("run end")
def close_window():
print("destroy")
if surface.thread_run :
surface.thread_run = False
surface.thread.join(2.0)
win.destroy()
def combine(r):
# 把數組中的字組合起來
result = ""
for data in r:
result += data
send_message(result)
send_mysql(result)
def send_message(result):
try:
print('result:', result)
if result:
client.send(result.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # 不能發空的東西,需要變成utf-8編碼形式
print('OK')
except Exception:
client.close()
def send_mysql(result):
if result:
print('OK5')
#連接配接
cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")
#遊标
cur = cxn.cursor()
cur.execute("USE che1") #首先得運作mysql.py 或者直接在MySQL上建立表
#查詢
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(result))#定義查詢
items =cur.fetchall() #擷取查詢到資料
#将結果集強轉為list
items = list(items)
fw=open('F:\\python\\web端\\flaskweb\\flaskweb\\web.txt','w') #對應web端的直接路徑
for t in items:
fw.write(' '.join(str(s) for s in t) + '\n')
fw.close()
#print("儲存檔案成功")
#關閉
cur.close()#關閉遊标
cxn.commit()#送出事務
cxn.close()#釋放資料庫資源在這裡插入代碼片
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = socket.socket() # 有一些預設參數,即可使用ipv4,這一句是聲明socket類型和傳回socket連接配接對象
client.connect(("192.168.43.161", 12348))
win = tk.Tk()
surface = Surface(win)
win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_window)
win.mainloop()
2.predict.py參照之前大佬部落格,定位矯正切割識别這部分就改參數,其他不改動
3.mysql.py
import MySQLdb
#連接配接
cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")
#遊标
cur = cxn.cursor()
try:
cur.execute("DROP DATABASE che1")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
pass
#建立資料庫
cur.execute("CREATE DATABASE che1")
cur.execute("USE che1")
#建立表
cur.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(255), username VARCHAR(255), sex VARCHAR(10), birth TIMESTAMP, telephone VARCHAR(20))")
#插入
cur.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES(1, '閩A77518', '李明', '男', '1993-06-05 15:20:00', 13758546621),(2, '皖A87271', '張三', '女', '1993-04-03', 15487596721)")
#查詢
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='閩A77518'")
for row in cur.fetchall():
print('%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s' %row)
#關閉
cur.close()
cxn.commit()
cxn.close()
web端
1.flaskweb.py
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import cv2
from flask import Flask, render_template
# 用于顯示的圖檔的路徑
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\static\\img\\chepai.jpg'
app = Flask(__name__) #程式執行個體是Flask的對象,一般情況下用如下方法執行個體化,Flask類隻有一個必須指定的參數,即程式主子產品或者包的名字,__name__是系統變量,該變量指的是本py檔案的檔案名"""
@app.route("/") #當與前端約定好路由接口路徑時會自動執行下方的index函數
def index():
return render_template("index.html") #将參數傳回到index.html裡
@app.route("/charts/")
def charts():
return render_template("charts.html")
@app.route("/faq/")
def faq():
return render_template("faq.html")
@app.route("/grid/")
def grid():
return render_template("grid.html")
@app.route("/test",methods=['GET']) #與ajax方法的url協定統一路徑,使用get無加密方法
def test():
fw=open('web.txt','r')
da = fw.read() #讀取檔案
#print(d)
if da.strip()=='':
da=('資料庫中未有資訊')
#print(d)
return da
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(
host='192.168.43.161', #本地IP
port= 2222, #端口号
)
2.同目錄下templates檔案夾下html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>車牌識别門禁系統</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap-responsive.min.css') }}">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/font-awesome.css') }}">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/adminia.css') }}">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap.min.css') }}">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/pages/plans.css') }}">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<script language="javascript">
//頁面加載調用
window.onload=function(){
//每1秒重新整理時間
setInterval("NowTime()",1000);
}
function NowTime(){
var myDate=new Date();
var y = myDate.getFullYear();
var M = myDate.getMonth()+1; //擷取目前月份(0-11,0代表1月)
var d = myDate.getDate(); //擷取目前日(1-31)
var h = myDate.getHours(); //擷取目前小時數(0-23)
var m = myDate.getMinutes(); //擷取目前分鐘數(0-59)
var s = myDate.getSeconds(); //擷取目前秒數(0-59)
//檢查是否小于10
M=check(M);
d=check(d);
h=check(h);
m=check(m);
s=check(s);
var timestr = y+"-"+M+"-"+d+" "+h+":"+m+":"+s;
document.getElementById("nowtime").innerHTML="目前時間:" + timestr;
}
//時間數字小于10,則在之前加個“0”補位。
function check(i){
var num = (i<10)?("0"+i) : i;
return num;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="./">車牌識别門禁系統web端</a>
</div> <!-- /container -->
</div> <!-- /navbar-inner -->
</div> <!-- /navbar -->
<div id="content">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<div class="account-container">
<div class="account-avatar">
<img src="{{ url_for('static', filename='img/headshot.png') }}" alt="" class="thumbnail" />
</div> <!-- /account-avatar -->
<div class="account-details">
<span class="account-name">引觞垂月</span>
<span class="account-role">人間清歡不覺淡 誰知其味漫</span>
</div> <!-- /account-details -->
</div> <!-- /account-container -->
<hr />
<ul id="main-nav" class="nav nav-tabs nav-stacked">
<li>
<a href="./">
<i class="icon-home"></i>
首頁
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/charts/">
<i class="icon-signal"></i>
圖檔
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/faq/">
<i class="icon-th-list"></i>
視訊
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/grid">
<i class="icon-th-large"></i>
曆史文學
</a>
</li>
<li>
<i class="icon-home"></i>
目的:
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<div class="sidebar-extra">
<p>将車牌識别結果導入資料庫裡查詢車主資訊</p>
</div> <!-- .sidebar-extra -->
<br />
</div> <!-- /span3 -->
<div class="span9">
<h1 class="page-title">
<i class="icon-th-list"></i>
車主資訊
</h1>
<div class="widget">
<div class="widget-header">
<h3>對應資訊為: 序号 車牌号 車主名 性别 出生時間 聯系方式</h3>
</div> <!-- /widget-header -->
<div class="widget-content">
<div class="pricing-plans plans-3">
<div id="ajaxDiv" style="margin-top: 20px"></div>
</div> <!-- /pricing-plans -->
</div> <!-- /widget-content -->
</div> <!-- /widget -->
<div class="widget">
<div class="widget-header">
<h3>時間</h3>
</div> <!-- /widget-header -->
<div class="widget-content">
<div id="nowtime">在這裡顯示時間</div>
</div> <!-- /widget-content -->
</div> <!-- /widget -->
</div> <!-- /span9 -->
</div> <!-- /row -->
</div> <!-- /container -->
</div> <!-- /content -->
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js') }}"></script>
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/bootstrap.js') }}"></script>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
setInterval(function(){
$.ajax({
type:"get",
dataType:'text',
url:"/test",
cache:false,
success:function(data){
$("#ajaxDiv").html(data);
},
error:function(){
alert("失敗,請稍後再試!");
}
});
},1000);
</script>
樹莓派上運作rpi.py
import socket
import tkinter as tk
import threading
import MySQLdb
import RPi.GPIO
import time
time_out=5
RELAY=18
def get_message(conn):
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
#if not data :
#print('this user is end,exit!\n next user')
#break
if data:
print('data:',data.decode())
var.set(data.decode())
l = tk.Label(win,textvariable=var,font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='right')#
#連接配接
cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '123456', charset="utf8")
#遊标
cur = cxn.cursor()
cur.execute("USE che1")
#查詢
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(data.decode()))#定義查詢
d=cur.fetchall() #fetchall:接收全部的傳回結果行
if len(d)>0:
RPi.GPIO.setmode(RPi.GPIO.BCM)
RPi.GPIO.setup(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.OUT)
RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(time_out)
RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(time_out)
RPi.GPIO.cleanup()
#關閉
cur.close()
cxn.commit()
cxn.close()
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("192.168.43.197",12348)) #綁定要監聽的端口port
server.listen(5) # 監聽,這裡表示最多有5個用戶端連接配接伺服器,python2不好使
print('waiting the call')
conn,addr = server.accept() # 等電話打進來,每個conn代表一個用戶端的連接配接
print(conn)
print('the call has comming')
thread = threading.Thread(target = get_message, args = (conn, ))
thread.start()
win = tk.Tk()
win.title('chepai')
win.geometry('960x800')
tk.Label(win, text='車牌号',font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='left')#左
var = tk.StringVar()
win.mainloop()
Android通過tcp/ip控制gpio進而控制繼電器,源碼就不貼了,需要的可以去連結下了看看
硬體
1、Raspberry Pi 3B 嵌入式開發闆(系統燒寫、配置、驅動)
2、7 寸 LCD 觸摸屏
3、CSI 攝像頭子產品(用USB攝像頭也行)
4、繼電器子產品
效果示範
具體效果視訊是當時線上答辯示範時拍的,放在b站上。由于懶寫論文就沒加Android手動控制,反正也無傷大雅 示範視訊.
就後面增加的Android就是類似聊天框通信的那種,很簡單界面布置,就當測試用。切記,本人比較懶,IP寫死了,需要同一區域網路下。
界面如下
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiclRnblN2XjlGcjAzNfRHLGZkRGZkRfJ3bs92YsYTMfVmepNHLw0EVOpXQU1EeRpHW4Z0MMBjVtJWd0ckW65UbM5WOHJWa5kHT20ESjBjUIF2X0hXZ0xCMx81dvRWYoNHLrdEZwZ1Rh5WNXp1bwNjW1ZUba9VZwlHdssmch1mclRXY39CXldWYtlWPzNXZj9mcw1ycz9WL49zZwpmL4YjN5QTNwQTM1IDOwAjMwIzLc52YucWbp5GZzNmLn9Gbi1yZtl2Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.jpg)
後記
前後大概用了20多天的時間,後面會陸續将每天的工作日記寫上來。如果有什麼錯誤或者問題,我應該大部分都有遇到,希望能解決各位心中的疑惑。本來想做到伺服器上的,可惜騰訊雲太坑了硬是域名解析不了,雖說這個東西隻需要到本地區域網路就可以了但還是很想過個瘾,隻能說小小的遺憾咯~
最後,七夕到處浪,寫部落格它不香嗎
人間清歡不覺淡,誰知其味漫,各位七夕快樂!