在日常項目開發中,異常是常見的,但是如何更高效的處理好異常資訊,讓我們能快速定位到BUG,是很重要的,不僅能夠提高我們的開發效率,還能讓你代碼看上去更舒服,SpringBoot的項目已經對有一定的異常處理了,但是對于我們開發者而言可能就不太合适了,是以我們需要對這些異常進行統一的捕獲并處理。
@ControllerAdvice
注解是Spring3.2中新增的注解,學名是Controller增強器,作用是給Controller控制器添加統一的操作或處理。結合方法型注解
@ExceptionHandler
,用于捕獲Controller中抛出的指定類型的異常,進而達到不同類型的異常差別處理的目的。
補充:
@RestControllerAdvice 該注解其實是
@ControllerAdvice
+
@ResponseBody
的組合注解,其中
@ControllerAdvice
包含
@Component
,是以被該注解修飾的Java類也是一個被Spring 管理的Bean。
@ReponseStatus 注解:設定響應狀态碼
假設抛出異常不是我們自定義的異常,我們想改變響應的狀态碼,通過@ExceptionHandler來處理異常,并在@ExceptionHandler方法上也可以設定@ResponseStatus來達到效果;
假如抛出自定義的異常,自己沒有定義異常處理界面,那在異常上标注@ResponseStatus就可以走 伺服器預設的界面展示,或者通過web.xml 配置error-code \ error-page來自定義界面處理異常;
自定義全局異常核心共有4步:
自定義全局異常
1. 統一的傳回類型
2. 定義枚舉類型code與錯誤資訊 enum
3. 自定義業務異常類,實作runtimeException接口
4. 定義全局異常處理類
pom:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>ExceptionGlobal</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>ExceptionGlobal</name>
<description>ExceptionGlobal</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.example.exceptionglobal.ExceptionGlobalApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
controller:
package com.example.exceptionglobal.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class myController {
@RequestMapping("/get")
public int getException(){
int i = 40 / 0;
return 0;
}
}
核心實作:
1. 基礎服務接口類+自定義統一傳回異常類
package com.example.exceptionglobal.result;
/**
* @description: 服務接口類
*/
public interface BaseErrorInfoInterface {
/**
* 錯誤碼
* @return
*/
String getResultCode();
/**
* 錯誤描述
* @return
*/
String getResultMsg();
}
package com.example.exceptionglobal.result;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.enums.ExceptionEnum;
/**
* 自定義統一傳回類型
* 這裡的統一傳回指的是自定義異常的統一傳回類型,不是controller接口的傳回類型
*/
public class ResultResponse {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8713837118340960775L;
/**
* 響應代碼
*/
private String code;
/**
* 響應消息
*/
private String message;
/**
* 響應結果
*/
private Object result;
public ResultResponse() {
}
public ResultResponse(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfo) {
this.code = errorInfo.getResultCode();
this.message = errorInfo.getResultMsg();
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public Object getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(Object result) {
this.result = result;
}
/**
* 成功
*
* @return
*/
public static ResultResponse success() {
return success(null);
}
/**
* 成功
* @param data
* @return
*/
public static ResultResponse success(Object data) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(ExceptionEnum.SUCCESS.getResultCode());
rb.setMessage(ExceptionEnum.SUCCESS.getResultMsg());
rb.setResult(data);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失敗
*/
public static ResultResponse error(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfo) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(errorInfo.getResultCode());
rb.setMessage(errorInfo.getResultMsg());
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失敗
*/
public static ResultResponse error(String code, String message) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode(code);
rb.setMessage(message);
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
/**
* 失敗
*/
public static ResultResponse error( String message) {
ResultResponse rb = new ResultResponse();
rb.setCode("-1");
rb.setMessage(message);
rb.setResult(null);
return rb;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return JSONObject.toJSONString(this);
}
}
2. 異常處理枚舉類
package com.example.exceptionglobal.enums;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.BaseErrorInfoInterface;
/**
* @description: 異常處理枚舉類
*/
public enum ExceptionEnum implements BaseErrorInfoInterface {
// 資料操作錯誤定義
SUCCESS("2000", "成功!"),
BODY_NOT_MATCH("4000","請求的資料格式不符!"),
SIGNATURE_NOT_MATCH("4001","請求的數字簽名不比對!"),
NOT_FOUND("4004", "未找到該資源!"),
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR("5000", "伺服器内部錯誤!"),
SERVER_BUSY("5003","伺服器正忙,請稍後再試!");
/**
* 錯誤碼
*/
private final String resultCode;
/**
* 錯誤描述
*/
private final String resultMsg;
ExceptionEnum(String resultCode, String resultMsg) {
this.resultCode = resultCode;
this.resultMsg = resultMsg;
}
@Override
public String getResultCode() {
return resultCode;
}
@Override
public String getResultMsg() {
return resultMsg;
}
}
3. 自定義異常類
package com.example.exceptionglobal.exception;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.BaseErrorInfoInterface;
/**
* @description: 自定義異常類
*/
public class BizException extends RuntimeException{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* 錯誤碼
*/
protected String errorCode;
/**
* 錯誤資訊
*/
protected String errorMsg;
public BizException() {
super();
}
public BizException(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfoInterface) {
super(errorInfoInterface.getResultCode());
this.errorCode = errorInfoInterface.getResultCode();
this.errorMsg = errorInfoInterface.getResultMsg();
}
public BizException(BaseErrorInfoInterface errorInfoInterface, Throwable cause) {
super(errorInfoInterface.getResultCode(), cause);
this.errorCode = errorInfoInterface.getResultCode();
this.errorMsg = errorInfoInterface.getResultMsg();
}
public BizException(String errorMsg) {
super(errorMsg);
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public BizException(String errorCode, String errorMsg) {
super(errorCode);
this.errorCode = errorCode;
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public BizException(String errorCode, String errorMsg, Throwable cause) {
super(errorCode, cause);
this.errorCode = errorCode;
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
public String getErrorCode() {
return errorCode;
}
public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) {
this.errorCode = errorCode;
}
public String getErrorMsg() {
return errorMsg;
}
public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
@Override
public Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
return this;
}
}
4. 自定義異常全局處理(核心中的核心!)
package com.example.exceptionglobal.exception;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.enums.ExceptionEnum;
import com.example.exceptionglobal.result.ResultResponse;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* @description: 自定義異常全局處理
*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
/**
* 處理自定義的業務異常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = BizException.class)
public ResultResponse bizExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, BizException e){
logger.error(("發生業務異常!原因是:{}"),e.getErrorMsg());
return ResultResponse.error(e.getErrorCode(),e.getErrorMsg());
}
/**
* 處理空指針的異常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value =NullPointerException.class)
public ResultResponse exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, NullPointerException e){
logger.error("發生空指針異常!原因是:",e);
return ResultResponse.error(ExceptionEnum.BODY_NOT_MATCH);
}
/**
* 處理其他異常
* @param req
* @param e
* @return
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value =Exception.class)
public ResultResponse exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e){
logger.error("未知異常!原因是:",e);
return ResultResponse.error(ExceptionEnum.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
測試通路controller接口,手動觸發異常:
2022-11-23 12:37:32.207 ERROR 12172 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.e.e.exception.GlobalExceptionHandler : 未知異常!原因是:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at com.example.exceptionglobal.controller.myController.getException(myController.java:11) ~[classes/:na]
至此結束!
參考連結:
Spring Boot項目優雅的全局異常處理方式(全網最新)_DT辰白的部落格-CSDN部落格_全局異常
Spring boot 全局異常處理_LvQiFen的部落格-CSDN部落格