linux系統檔案查找
In the last post we looked at the
locate
command, although blazing fast but has few drawbacks.
在上一篇文章中，我們介紹了
locate
指令，盡管速度很快，但缺點很少。
Today we are going to explore another command-line utility
find
for searching files and directories in Linux System.
今天我們就來探讨另一個指令行實用程式
find
在Linux系統來搜尋檔案和目錄。
find
command
find
指令
The
find
command searches through the file system based on simple pattern you specify and returns the result.
find
指令根據您指定的簡單模式搜尋檔案系統并傳回結果。
The syntax for
find
command
find
指令的文法
To find anything, we just use
find
command along with the simple_pattern we want to search
要查找任何内容，我們隻需使用
find
指令以及我們要搜尋的simple_pattern
Let’s take an example where we want to find the contents of Documents directory
讓我們舉一個例子，我們要查找Documents目錄的内容
In the above example, we used the command
find ~/Documents
where
在上面的示例中，我們使用了指令
find ~/Documents
其中
find
represents the find command
~/Documents
represents the simple pattern which specifies path till the Documents directory.
find
代表查找指令
~/Documents
代表簡單的模式，該模式指定到Documents目錄的路徑 。
In the above example we get the files as well as the directories for the specified pattern, but what if we only wanted files?
在上面的示例中，我們擷取了指定模式的檔案以及目錄，但是如果我們隻想要檔案怎麼辦？
In the above example we used the command
find -type f
find
represents the find command
-type
represents the "type" option which specifies the type of content
f
specifies the content type "file"
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type f
find
表示find指令
-type
表示“ type”選項，該選項指定内容的類型
f
指定内容類型“ file”
In the response, we got all the files present in the current working directory
在響應中，我們将所有檔案顯示在目前工作目錄中
Okay, what about only getting directories in response
好吧，那隻擷取目錄響應呢？
In the above example we used the command
find -type d
where
find
represents the find command
-type
represents the "type" option which specifies the type of content
d
specifies the content type "directory"
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type d
，其中
find
表示find指令
-type
表示“ type”選項，該選項指定内容的類型
d
指定内容類型“目錄”
In the response we only got the directories
.
i.e. current working directory and the
logs
direcory.
在響應中，我們僅獲得目錄
.
即目前工作目錄和
logs
目錄。
This is all great but what about finding a file using filename?
一切都很好，但是使用檔案名查找檔案呢？
-
find a file log1.txt
查找檔案log1.txt
In the above example, we use the command
find -name log1.txt
where
find
represents the find command
-name
represnts the option to find by name
log1.txt
represents the name of the file to be found
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -name log1.txt
，其中
find
代表查找指令
-name
代表按名稱 查找的選項
log1.txt
代表要查找的檔案的名稱
Let’s take one more step ahead and get the files ignoring case
讓我們再向前邁一步，讓檔案忽略大小寫
-
find files by name and ignore case
按名稱查找檔案并忽略大小寫
In the above example, we used the command
find -iname textFile1.txt
where
find
represents the find command
-iname
represents the option to find by name and ignore case
textFile1.txt
represents the name of the file to be found
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -iname textFile1.txt
，其中
find
代表查找指令
-iname
代表按名稱查找的選項，忽略大小寫
textFile1.txt
代表要查找的檔案的名稱
These are all the basic scenarios covered with the find command.
這些是find指令涵蓋的所有基本方案。
Now let’s look at some interesting real world scenarios
現在讓我們來看一些有趣的現實世界場景
-
Find all the files that are greater than or equal to 5mb
查找所有大于或等于5mb的檔案
In the above example, we used the command
find -type f -size +5M
where
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-size
represents the option to find files of required size
+5M
represents the files that are greater than or equal to 5mb
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type f -size +5M
，其中
find
代表查找指令
-type f
代表内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-size
代表用于查找所需檔案的選項size
+5M
表示大于或等于5mb的檔案
-
find all the files that are greater than 2mb but less than 10mb
查找所有大于2mb但小于10mb的檔案
In the above example, we use the command
find -type f -size +2M -size -10M
where
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-size
represents the option to find files of required size
+2M
represents the files that are greater than or equal to 2mb
-10M
represents the files that are less than 10M
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type f -size +2M -size -10M
，其中
find
表示查找指令
-type f
表示内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-size
表示查找所需大小為
+2M
的檔案表示大于或等于2mb的檔案
-10M
表示小于10M的檔案
What if we only wanted the zip files
如果我們隻想要zip檔案怎麼辦
-
Find all the zip files
查找所有壓縮檔案
In the above example, we used the command
find -type f -name *.zip
where
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-name
represents the option to find files with specific name
*.zip
represents all the zip files
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type f -name *.zip
，其中
find
代表查找指令
-type f
代表内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-name
代表使用以下指令查找檔案的選項特定名稱
*.zip
表示所有zip檔案
What if we wanted to find the files that were either greater than 2mb but less than 5M or files that were greater than or equal to 10mb
如果我們要查找大于2mb但小于5M的檔案或大于或等于10mb的檔案怎麼辦
-
Find files with multiple conditions
查找具有多個條件的檔案
In the above example, we used the command
find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -o -size +10M
where
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-size
represents the option to find files of required size
+2M
represents files greater than or equal to 2mb
-5M
represents files less than 5mb
-o
represents logical OR
+10M
represents files greater than or equal to 10mb
在上面的示例中，我們使用指令
find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -o -size +10M
，其中
find
表示find指令
-type f
表示内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-size
表示查找所需大小的檔案的選項
+2M
表示大于或等于
-5M
檔案
-5M
表示小于5mb的檔案
-o
表示邏輯OR
+10M
表示大于或等于10mb的檔案
Simiarly we can use other Logical AND(-a), NOT(!) and so on
同樣，我們可以使用其他邏輯AND(-a)，NOT(！)等
What if we want to perform some operations after we find the files
找到檔案後要執行一些操作怎麼辦
-
find all the files greater than 2mb and less than 5mb and copy them to directory “files_filtered”
查找所有大于2mb小于5mb的檔案，并将它們複制到目錄“ files_filtered”
In the above example, we used the command
sudo find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -exec cp {} ~/files_filtered \;
where
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-size
represents the option to find files of required size
+2M
represents files greater than or equal to 2mb
-5M
represents files less than 5mb
-exec
means execute command
cp {}
represents command to execute on the output i.e. copy in our case
~/files_filtered
represents the path to output directory
\;
represents that command has ended
在上面的示例中，我們使用了指令
sudo find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -exec cp {} ~/files_filtered \;
其中
find
代表查找指令
-type f
代表内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-size
代表查找所需大小檔案的選項
+2M
代表檔案大于或等于2mb
-5M
代表檔案小于5mb
-exec
表示執行指令
cp {}
表示要在輸出上執行的指令，即在我們的例子中，複制
~/files_filtered
表示輸出目錄
\;
的路徑
\;
表示指令已結束
But there is a problem with the above command, the
exec
does not ask us before perfoming the operation which will work in case of copy but in case of move or delete this can create a lot of problems
但是上面的指令存在問題，
exec
該操作之前
exec
不會詢問我們，該操作在複制的情況下将起作用，但是在移動或删除的情況下會産生很多問題
A safer alternative to
-exec
for move and delete operation is
-ok
-exec
進行移動和删除操作的更安全替代方法是
-ok
-
find all the files greater than 2mb and less than 5mb and move them to directory “files_filtered”
查找所有大于2mb小于5mb的檔案，并将它們移到目錄“ files_filtered”
In the above example, we used the command
sudo find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -ok mv {} ~/files_filtered \;
where
在上面的示例中，我們使用了指令
sudo find -type f -size +2M -size -5M -ok mv {} ~/files_filtered \;
哪裡
find
represents the find command
-type f
represents the type of content which is file(f) in our case
-size
represents the option to find files of required size
+2M
represents files greater than or equal to 2mb
-5M
represents files less than 5mb
-ok
means execute command with check
mv {}
represents command to execute on the output i.e. move in our case
~/files_filtered
represents the path to output directory
\;
represents that command has ended
find
代表查找指令
-type f
代表内容類型，在本例中為file(f)
-size
代表查找所需大小檔案的選項
+2M
代表大于或等于
-5M
檔案
-5M
代表小于5mb的檔案
-ok
表示帶有check
mv {}
執行指令表示要在輸出上執行的指令，即在我們的情況下，
~/files_filtered
表示輸出目錄
\;
的路徑
\;
表示指令已結束
Okay, so that’s all we need to know about
find
command.
好的，這就是我們需要有關
find
指令的全部資訊。
I hope you understood find command-line utility in Linux. Please, let me know if there are any questions and suggestions on what you want us to explore next.
我希望您了解Linux中的find指令行實用程式 。 請讓我知道您對我們接下來要探索的内容有任何疑問和建議。
翻譯自: https://medium.com/swlh/finding-files-and-directories-in-linux-system-b38b47b858ec
linux系統檔案查找