使用idea+Maven搭建ssm架構
對于初學者來說,有必要大緻了解一下idea以及maven項目的優點。如果已經了解可跳過下面的介紹直接看搭建SSM架構的步驟。
IDEA和Maven項目的優點
idea是目前較為流行的IDE,懂得上下文使得IDEA具有敏銳的特點,它給出恰當的名稱提示,查找合适的方法。不需要你特别地選擇表達式便會猜測到你想要做的以及如何對它命名。IDEA預示着并給你提示,進而使程式員能夠快捷的編寫和修改代碼,集中精力于解決問題。
我們都知道使用架構需要導入很多jar包,建立普通的web項目我們需要上網下載下傳所需要的jar包,将jar包導入到項目的WEB-INF/lib中,由IDE引入到項目中。然而Maven項目隻需要你在pom.xml檔案中進行配置便可引入所需的jar包,對于大型項目來說十分友善(當然這隻是maven一個最直接的優點,maven還有很多優點等着你使用後自己發現)
建立maven項目
第一步:建立一個Maven項目(需要電腦已經安裝配置maven,參考連結https://www.yiibai.com/maven/maven_environment_setup.html),IDEA(點選File–點選New Project)彈出一下提示框,選擇maven-archetype-webapp,選擇RELEASE,點選next進行下一步。
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/__Qf2AjLwojIjJCLyojI0JCLiAzNfRHLGZkRGZkRfJ3bs92YsYTMfVmepNHL90TUZJjRtFmZWhVZxw2MMBjVtJWd0ckW65UbM5WOHJWa5kHT20ESjBjUIF2X0hXZ0xCMx81dvRWYoNHLrdEZwZ1Rh5WNXp1bwNjW1ZUba9VZwlHdssmch1mclRXY39CXldWYtlWPzNXZj9mcw1ycz9WL49zZwpmL2kDO5MjMyQTMwEzMwkTMwIzLc52YucWbp5GZzNmLn9Gbi1yZtl2Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.jpg)
第二步:GroupId填入組織名稱,一般是com.xx、edu.xx等,ArtifactId一般填項目名稱,點選next。
第三步:Maven home directory選擇maven安裝的路徑;Local repository選擇倉庫,可以建立本地倉庫,也可使用預設倉庫。
第四步:填寫項目名稱(Project name),預設是跟前面artifactId填寫的一樣。
第五步:選擇在新視窗打開項目(New Window),至此maven項目建立完成。
注意:剛打開項目可能出現項目目錄不完整,到這裡需要稍等一下,idea在加載插件,加載完成後會出現完整的項目目錄,具體加載程序看界面進度欄。加載完成後如下:
搭建SSM架構
SSM架構是指spring、springMVC、mybatis三個架構的整合。
第一步:建立maven項目是預設沒有resource檔案夾的,需要手動添加。點選File–>project structure。
第二步:Modules–>Sources–>main右鍵–>New Folder, 輸入resources。同樣main右鍵–>New Folder, 輸入java。
第三步:選擇resources右鍵,點選Resources(選擇檔案資源類型);選擇java右鍵,點選Sources,然後Apply,OK即可。
項目結構簡介:
src檔案夾就是我們放項目代碼的地方
pom.xml是maven的配置檔案,我們需要什麼jar包,都可以在裡面添加依賴,然後maven就會自己幫我們下到本地倉庫裡面
applicationContext.xml是spring配置檔案
mapper檔案夾裡面放實體與資料庫的映射檔案
mybatis-config.xml是mybatis的配置檔案
jdbc.properties是資料庫相關資訊
springmvc-config.xml是springmvc的配置檔案
webapp下可建立js、css、images等檔案,用來放前端資源
WEB-INF下建立views檔案件,jsp檔案就放這裡面了
第四步:打開pom.xml檔案,在 properties标簽中添加以下代碼:
<!-- Spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version>
在dependencies标簽中添加以下代碼:
<dependencies>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL相關包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.26</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 資料庫連接配接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSON -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 實作slf4j接口并整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring相關包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- json支援 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20160810</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
第五步:在resources包中建立配置檔案,檔案名為applicationContext.xml,resources右鍵–>New–>XML Configuration File–>Spring Config
代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 資料源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 注冊sqlSessionFactoryBean -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 自動掃描mappers.xml檔案 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring會自動查找其下的類 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ClothingStorePOS.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!--配置掃面@Service注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ClothingStorePOS.services"/>
<!-- 事務管理器,依賴于資料源 -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--配置攔截器-->
<!--
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.shop.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
-->
<!--開啟事務注解掃描-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
注意<bean id=“dataSource” class=“com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource”></bean>中的class不能直接複制粘貼,要通過“提示”敲出來,如果直接複制或者不按提示敲出來可能會報錯
第六步:在resources包中建立名為jdbc.properties的檔案, resources右鍵–>New–>Resource Bundle–>輸入jdbc
輸入以下代碼:
//資料庫驅動
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
//資料庫URL
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssh
//資料庫使用者名
jdbc.user=root
//資料庫密碼
jdbc.password=123
第七步:在resources包中建立配置檔案springmvc-config.xml,resources右鍵–>New–>XML Configuration File–>Spring Config,代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 啟動自動掃描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ClothingStorePOS.*"></context:component-scan>
<!-- mvc注解驅動 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 靜态資源可通路的設定方式 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--配置靜态資源的通路映射,此配置中的檔案,将不被前端控制器攔截-->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/image/" mapping="/image/**"/>
<!-- 配置視圖解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" ></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置jackson支援-->
<!-- 輸出對象轉JSON支援 -->
<bean id="jsonConverter"
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
第八步:在resources包中建立xml檔案mybatis-config.xml,代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ClothingStorePOS.entities"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<package name="mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
第九步:在resources包中建立mapper包,用來存放mybatis映射檔案。在包mapper中建立xml映射檔案UserMapper.xml,代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.ClothingStorePOS.dao.IUserDao">
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User">
insert into user(username,password,email) values(#{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR})
</insert>
</mapper>
第十步:按照路徑webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml打開檔案web.xml,設定代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- Spring容器加載所有配置檔案的路徑 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 設定編碼過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 加載Spring容器配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>css</extension>
<mime-type>text/css</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>js</extension>
<mime-type>application/javascript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!-- 配置springmvc控制器,将所有的請求(除了靜态資源)交給springmvc處理 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
注意:設定配置檔案後若報錯,可能是jar包未完全加載,可點選右邊的Maven Projects–>重新整理
第十一步:在java包下建立包名為com.ClothingStorePOS的包,并在該包下依次建立dao、controller、services、entities四個包。并且在services包下建立impl包,存放實作類。
注意:controller包用來存放接收前台資料以及傳回處理後資料的檔案,dao用來存放操作資料庫的接口檔案,entities用來存放實體類檔案,services用來存放處理業務邏輯的檔案
第十二步:按照以下目錄圖建立相應的類和接口。
UserController代碼如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.services.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Resource(name="userService")
private IUserService userService;
//使用者注冊
@RequestMapping("/add")
public ModelAndView addUserOne(User user){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
int result = userService.addUser(user);
System.out.println(result);
mv.addObject("result",result);
mv.setViewName("/success");
return mv;
}
}
IUserDao代碼如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("userDao")
public interface IUserDao {
int addUser(User user);
}
User類代碼如下:
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
UserServiceImpl類代碼如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.dao.IUserDao;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
import com.ClothingStorePOS.services.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Resource(name="userDao")
private IUserDao userDao;
public int addUser(User user) {
return userDao.addUser(user);
}
}
IUserService代碼如下:
import com.ClothingStorePOS.entities.User;
public interface IUserService {
int addUser(User user);
}
第十三步:webapp下的index.jsp代碼如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="user/add" method="post">
account:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
password:<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
email:<input type="text" name="email"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="log up">
</form>
</body>
</html>
第十四步:在WEB-INF下建立包views,在views下建立jsp檔案success.jsp,代碼如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success!</h1>
</body>
</html>
至此項目搭建完成,可運作項目,運作結果如下: