系統環境：Centos5.10 X86
[[email protected] etc]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-371.3.1.el5 #1 SMP Thu Dec 5 12:47:02 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[[email protected] etc]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5.10 (Final)
Release: 5.10
Codename: Final
[[email protected] etc]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.10 (Final)
發現很多VPS用LNMP一鍵安裝包都失敗,又不能排錯,唯有給出教程,一步一步教你安裝,所謂授人于魚不如授人于漁嘛,本文是在CentOS5.10作業系統下測試通過的
安裝步驟:
1,更新系統和安裝相關的程式庫
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
yum -y update
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlibzlib-devel
yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devele2fsprogs
yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidnlibidn-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyinscim-tables-chinese
2,下載下傳相關程式源碼包
wgethttp://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wgethttp://mysql.mirror.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wgethttp://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wgethttp://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
wgethttp://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
wgethttp://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3,開始安裝,先安裝PHP需要的庫程式
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
4,安裝mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler--with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server--enable-local-infile
make && make install
cd ../
建立MySQL資料庫,用預設的配置my.cnf
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql啟動服務,并且設定root密碼
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root passwordroot //root改為你需要的密碼
service mysql restart
5,安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13-p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml--disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode--enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem--enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers--enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm--enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl--enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
6,安裝PHP擴充子產品
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
安裝Zend Optimizer,32位系統版本
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cpZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so/usr/local/zend/
如果是64位系統,則
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cpZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so/usr/local/zend/
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[Zend Optimizer]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"
EOF
7,修改php.ini檔案
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir ="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行後增加以下幾行，然後儲存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
自動修改:可執行以下shell指令,自動完成對php.ini檔案的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir ="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension= "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\n#'/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
建立緩存目錄
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
EOF
9,建立www使用者群組,以及主機需要的目錄,日志目錄
groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /home/www
chmod +w /home/www
mkdir -p /home/www/logs
chmod 777 /home/www/logs
chown -R www:www /home/www
10,建立php-fpm配置檔案
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下内容,我設定開的程序是5個.需要更改程序數,可以修改5
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name="error_log">/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value><!-- this value is match to ngnix.conf server attribute fastcgi_pass value-->
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner">www</value>
<value name="group">www</value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<!-- <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> -->
<!-- <value name="display_errors">1</value> -->
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">200</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">500</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
11,啟動php-cgi程序,監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口,程序數為5,使用者為www
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini後不重新開機php-cgi,重新加載配置檔案使用reload
12,安裝Nginx
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.65/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module--with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
cd ../
13,建立Nginx配置檔案
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下内容:
user www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can beopened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charse gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 416k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.7dot.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include location.conf;
root /home/www;
}
include servers/*;
}
14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中建立location.conf檔案：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf
輸入内容:
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
多站點管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目錄添加配置檔案,格式為:
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/7dot.conf
内容:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 7dot.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/www/7dot;
}
請注意,我是沒有開啟Nginx日志記錄功能的.
啟動Nginx:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放個探針看看
mv index.php /home/www/
通路你的IP看看吧!
15,安裝phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql資料庫
tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16,配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17,優化Linux核心參數(我隻在Xen VPS用過,Openvz VPS失敗,慎用)
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在最後加入
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
18,需要安裝ftp的,可以簡單安裝vsftpd應用:
yum -y install vsftpd
/etc/init.d/vsftpd start
chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19,請務必更改www使用者密碼:
passwd www
全文完!
![修改or隐藏nginx版本号[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)