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資料庫主從及galera主從配置主主配置galera

主從配置

主從多用于網站架構，因為主從的同步機制是異步的，資料的同步有一定延遲，也就是說有可能會造成資料的丢失，但是性能比較好，是以網站大多數用的是主從架構的資料庫，讀寫分離必須基于主從架構來搭建

環境準備：都得有mariadb

mysql主從配置

yum配置

[mariadb]
name=MariaDB
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.3/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

主1：192.168.7.56

從1：192.168.7.127

主：

修改配置檔案

#vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

重新開機mysql服務

#systemctl restart mysqld

進入mariadb建立主從連接配接賬号與授權

CREATE USER ‘slave’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘slave’;

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO ‘slave’@’%’;

flush privileges;

#show master status;

資料庫主從及galera主從配置主主配置galera

資料庫中

#use mysql

select host,user,password from user; 看是否支援遠端登入

±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+

| host | user | password |

±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+

| localhost | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |

| 127.0.0.1 | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |

| ::1 | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |

| % | slave | *51125B3597BEE0FC43E0BCBFEE002EF8641B44CF |

| localhost | zabbix | *DEEF4D7D88CD046ECA02A80393B7780A63E7E789 |

±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+

從1：

修改配置檔案

#vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server/cnf
server-id=1

重新開機服務

#systemctl restart mysqld

進入mariadb

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.7.56’, MASTER_USER=‘slave’, MASTER_PASSWORD=‘slave’, MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001’, MASTER_LOG_POS=1831;

start slave;

驗證

在主建立庫與表，之後從從節點檢視是否有相應的

show slave status\G;


#如果出現不同步可以執行以下步驟
stop slave 
set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
start slave 
或者
stop slave;
mysql> change master to 
master_host='192.168.7.56',
master_user='user', 
master_password='pwd', 
master_port=3306, 
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', 
master_log_pos=1831;
start slave

主主配置galera

1、安裝軟體包

#yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client galera

2、配置檔案

#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos74-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

3、mariadb初始化

systemctl restart mariadb

4.配置galera

vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

wsrep_on=ON 
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so    
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.153.142,192.168.153.143,192.168.153.144"
wsrep_node_name=node1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.153.142 
binlog_format=row   　　　　　　　　
default_storage_engine=InnoDB　　　
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2  　　　
wsrep_slave_threads=1            
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0  
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M       
wsrep_sst_method=rsync            
wsrep_causal_reads=ON

将此檔案複制到相應主機中，并将主機名與ip改為對應的

5啟動叢集服務

(第一次啟動要用初始化:

mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.254.24,192.168.254.27,192.168.254.36 >/dev/null &)

[[email protected] ~]# /bin/galera_new_cluster

剩餘兩節點啟動方式為：

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb

檢視叢集狀态：（叢集服務使用了4567和3306端口））

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tulpn | grep -e 4567 -e 3306

6.驗證叢集狀态：

在node1上執行：

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##進入資料庫

檢視是否啟用galera插件

連接配接mariadb,檢視是否啟用galera插件

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_ready";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.004 sec)

目前叢集機器數

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)

檢視叢集狀态

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep%";
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 14 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.200000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 22 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 | ##叢集成員
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##UUID 叢集唯一标記
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary | ##主伺服器
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 | 
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_connected | ON | ##目前是否連接配接中
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 0eba3aff-2341-11e8-b45a-f277db2349d5 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 | ##連接配接中的資料庫
| wsrep_last_committed | 9 | ##sql 送出記錄 
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 | ##從執行事務過程被本地中斷
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 5 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 | ##本地失敗事務
| wsrep_local_commits | 4 | ##本地執行的sql
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.057143 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 | ##本地發出的隊列
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 | ##隊列平均時間間隔
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##叢集ID
| wsrep_protocol_version | 8 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <[email protected]> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.23(r3789) |
| wsrep_ready | ON | ##插件是否應用中
| wsrep_received | 35 | ##資料複制接收次數
| wsrep_received_bytes | 5050 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 1022 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 14 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 232 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 5 | ##随着複制發出的次數
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 1600 | ##資料複制發出的位元組數
| wsrep_thread_count | 2 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
58 rows in set (0.003 sec)
檢視連接配接的主機
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_incoming_addresses";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)

7.測試叢集mariad資料是否同步

MariaDB [(none)]> create database lizk;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.010 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| china              |
| hello              |
| hi                 |
| information_schema |
| lizk               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

8 rows in set (0.001 sec)

在其他兩個節點上可以檢視lizk庫已經同步。

注意:

如果galera_new_cluster 報錯

vim /var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat

把safe_to_bootstrap更改為1

#GALERA saved state

version: 2.1

uuid: a393feef-f639-11e8-9b89-4e75f9b8fb0f

seqno: -1

safe_to_bootstrap: 1

turcate 不能rollback,

緩存池：設定為記憶體的80%

wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.7.56,192.168.7.127"
wsrep_node_name=node1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.127
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_causal_reads=ON　
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