首先在ubuntu/debian上安裝下列軟體包:mysql-client- 5.0 mysql-server-5.0
在Redhat上安裝下列軟體包:mysql-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm mysql-server-3.23.54a-11.i386.rpm
和mysql-devel-3.23.54a-11.i386.rmp (可以裝上更高的版本,本文在ubuntu下試驗)
1、在終端運作:mysql_install_db
/*啟動
mysqld
伺服器并且建立初始MySQL 授權表,包含決定使用者如何被允許連接配接伺服器的權限*/
2、啟動資料庫
方法一:終端運作:sudo mymysqld_safe & //啟動mysql資料庫
方法二:終端運作:sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
3、檢查MYSQL是否被啟動
方法一:終端運作:pstree | grep mysqld
出現如下結果則表明已經啟動:
| -mysqld_safe-+-logger
| `-mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]
方法二:終端運作:sudo /etc/init.d/mysql status
出現如下結果則表明已經啟動:(不同的系統版本略有差異)
* /usr/bin/mysqladmin Ver 8.41 Distrib 5.0.24a, for pc-linux-gnu on i486
Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license
Server version 5.0.24a-Debian_9-log
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime: 1 min 23 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 147 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 98 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 14 Queries per second avg: 1.771
另:如想開機後自動啟動,可下載下傳一個sysvconfig指令:sudo apt-get install sysvconfig (Redhat裡有這個指令可用:ntsysv) 然後在終端運作:sudo sysvconfig 在menu中進入Enable/Disable,将mysql選中儲存即可。
4、關閉MYSQL資料庫
方法一、sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
方法二、sudo mysqladmin shutdown
5、進入資料庫
終端運作:mysql -u root -p //進入密碼為空,mysql第一次預設root使用者密碼為空,敲回車即可
6、建立資料庫
mysql> create database test; //建立test資料庫
輸出結果:Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; //顯示所有的資料庫
輸出結果:
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bear |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7、删除資料庫
mysql> database test; //删除test資料庫
輸出結果:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; //顯示所有的資料庫
輸出結果:
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bear |
| mysql |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
8、建立表
mysql> create database test; //建立test資料庫
mysql> use test; //進入到test資料庫中
mysql> show tables ; //檢視所有的表
輸出顯示結果:Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table people( // 建立一個表名為people的表,四列分别是:
-> people_id char(6) primary key, //people_id 為主鍵
-> name char(10), //name
-> sex char(2), //sex
-> birthday date); //birthday
輸出結果:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables ; //顯示所有的表
輸出結果:
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| people |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
9、删除表
/* 這一步可到最後做,因為下面還要用到表people */
mysql> table people; //删除表格
mysql> show tables ; // 顯示所有的表
10、檢視表結構
mysql> use test; //進入要檢視表結構的資料庫
mysql> describe people; //檢視表結構
顯示結果:
+--------+-------+----+----+------+-----+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------+----+--- +------+------+
| people_id | char(6) | NO | PRI | | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------+---+-----+-----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11、向表中添加和檢視資料
mysql> use test; //進入test資料庫
mysql> into people values //向people表中添加兩組資料
-> ('200701','熊鋒','m','1983/04/23');
mysql> into people values
->('200702','鄭玲','w','1986-08-18');
mysql> select * people; //檢視people表中的資料
顯示結果:
+-----------+--------+------+------------+
| people_id | name | sex | birthday |
+-----------+--------+------+------------+
| 200701 | 熊鋒 | m | 1983-04-23 |
| 200702 | 鄭玲 | w | 1986-08-18 |
+-----------+--------+------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * people people_id='200701';
//檢視people表中主鍵值為200701的資料
顯示結果:
+-----------+--------+------+---------+
| people_id | name | sex | birthday |
+-----------+--------+------+---------+
| 200701 | 熊鋒 | m | 1983-04-23 |
+-----------+--------+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
12、修改表結構
mysql> alter table people add score int(3) not null;
顯示結果:
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> describe people; //顯示表結構
顯示結果:
+--------+-------+----+----+------+----+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------+----+---+-------+----+
| people_id | char(6) | NO | PRI | | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| core | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| score | int(3) | NO | | | |
+--------+-------+----+--+--------+----+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注:MYSQL中的資料類型
Data Type Default Value
char/varchar/binary ""
date 0000-00-00
time 00:00:00
datetime 0000-00-00 00:00:00
timestamp 2005-06-21 12:01:00(now()!)
year 0000
enum('a','b','c') 'a'
set('a','b','c') ()(empty set)