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holiday、vacation和leave用法辨析

作者:翅膀英語

1. holiday單數,涉及的天數通常是一兩天,而 vacation 涉及的天數很少少于一兩天。暗示是休息和慶祝的日子,有時也衍生為周末(weekend);而 vacation 可以指為了享受而與家人進行的一次長時間的外地旅行,或為休息和放松而花費的大量時間,特别是在英式英語中專指“大學假期”。是以holiday大體上表示是神聖的日子,是許多人一起慶祝的日子,這就是為什麼很多人不上班、不上學或不做其他的事情; 通常是比較盛大的且屬于大多數人的日子,包括宗教節日( Christmas,Rosh Hashanah,Ramadan,Diwali 和 Vesak 等)或非宗教節日(Republic Day,Flag Day等)、國家慶典日(Independence Day,Canada Day 等)或法定節日等等;而 vacation 是正常活動的休息時間等,或主動在正常活動期間休假的一段時間,通常是長時間的。法定假日是 public holiday 或 bank holiday,指政府機關、學校、銀行和商業機構關門休息的公共假日。與數詞連用時隻表示次數,不表示日期資訊;與季節連用的時候通常使用複數形式。

Ching Ming Holiday 清明假期

New year holidays 新年假期

a legal holiday 法定假日

on holiday/on one’s holiday 休假中

half-holiday/half-day 半天休假

take a week’s holiday 一周的休假

have a holiday 休假

Friday is a holiday, as it is Good Friday.

星期五是假日,因為它是耶稣受難節。

New Year's Day is a public holiday throughout Britain.

元旦是全英國的公衆假日。

The government declared Easter Monday a public holiday.

政府宣布複活節後的星期一是公共假日。

Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday.

和聖誕節一樣,節禮日也是公共假日。

較長時間的假期可以holidays,也可以使用holiday:

I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.

包括元旦在内我有三天假。

I shall be getting a whole month’s holidays/ holiday.

我将有整整一個月的假期。

The school holidays start next week.

下學期學校開始放假了。

We’re going to France for our summer holidays.

我們打算到法國去度假。

Phone calls always spoil my holidays.

電話總是弄得我過不好假日。

We're going to Spain for our holidays.

我們要去西班牙度假。

The manager is away on holiday until July.

經理一直休假到7月。

2. Vacation,主要是美式用語,通常指正常的活動如工作、學校或其他任何活動的關門時間;時間長度上多指很長時間的假期,也可以指一兩天的假期;例如:

The school will be on vacation for two weeks.

學校将放假兩周。

The job includes two weeks' paid vacation.

這份工作包括兩周的帶薪假期。

Vacation 也可以指某人主動從正常的活動中請假的一段時間,例如:

I took a vacation last week.

我上周休假了。

Mary is taking a vacation to Paris.

瑪麗正在巴黎度假。

在英國英語裡則多專指“大學假期”,英國大學和律師業也使用vacation這個詞,如:the long vac.表示“暑假”:

What are you going to do for the winter vacation?

寒假你打算做什麼?

随着時間的推移,很多的人互換使用:

He’s on holiday/vacation this week.

他本周休假。

I like to take my holiday/vacation in the winter.

我喜歡在冬天休假。

I get four weeks’ holiday/vacation a year.

我一年有四周休假。

He’s on holiday/vacation this week.

他本周休假。

I like to take my holiday/vacation in the winter.

我喜歡在冬天休假。

the summer holidays/vacation

暑假

在固定短語on vacation中,vacation前不用冠詞;在get a vacation,spend a vacation,take a vacation等短語中,vacation須用不定冠詞a;而在long vacation,Christmas vacation等短語前通常有定冠詞the。

They will be on vacation in Hawaii during Christmas.

他們聖誕節期間将到夏威夷度假。

Neff hitchhiked to New York during his Christmas vacation.

内夫在聖誕節假期裡搭順風車去了紐約。

The job includes two weeks' paid vacation.

這份工作包括兩周的帶薪假期。

summer vacation 暑假

winter vacation 寒假

寒暑假在英國是winter/summer holidays,在美國就是winter/summer vacation。

go on vacation/take a vacation 自己放假

vacation通常與旅行travel有關,比如:

Hawaii remains a popular choice for winter vacation travel.

夏威夷一直是深受人們青睐的冬季假日旅遊勝地。

Every year my father would call a family powwow to discuss where we were going on vacation.

每年我父親都會召開一次家庭會議,讨論我們要去哪兒度假。

Twice before he had been in New York with Gladys on summer vacations.

他之前已經和格拉迪絲兩次來到紐約度暑假。

Neff hitchhiked to New York during his Christmas vacation.

内夫在聖誕節假期裡搭順風車去了紐約。

Foreign vacations have become commonplace.

去國外度假已經變得很平常了。

We went on vacation to Puerto Rico.

我們去了波多黎各度假。

The travel agent completely cocked up his arrangements for the summer vacation.

旅行社把他暑假的安排搞得一塌糊塗。

They're on vacation in Hawaii right now.

他們此時正在夏威夷度假。

 During his summer vacation he visited Russia.

暑假期間他去俄羅斯了。

 They planned a late summer vacation in Europe.

他們打算夏末去歐洲度假。

Myles vacationed in Jamaica.

邁爾斯去了牙買加度假。

We're going to the beach for vacation.

我們要去海濱度假。

holiday、vacation和leave用法辨析

This beach is ideal for a vacation.

這個海灘是度假的理想去處。

3.leave主要指軍人、官員、職員的假期、病假、事假(多指得到準許的請假):

Smoking people love sick leave.

吸煙人愛請病假。

maternity leave産假

She was granted a year's maternity leave.

她得到了一年的産假。

annual leave / holiday年假

Are you looking forward to taking your annual leave this year?

你對你今年的年假有所期待嗎?

marital leave婚假

I‘m going to take my marital leave next week , could you cover for me?

我下星期要休婚假,你可以頂替我的工作嗎?

They could even offer paid parental leave.

他們甚至可以提供有薪雙親假。

He is home on leave from the Navy.

他從海軍部隊休假回到家裡。

He's asked for a month's leave.

他已請了一個月的假。

Why don't you take a few days' leave?

你為什麼不休幾天假?

I'm still due 15 day's leave.

我還應有15天的休假。

I'm in command of the regiment while the colonel's on leave.

上校休假時,我指揮這個團。

I'm covering for Jane while she's on leave.

簡休假期間我頂替她工作。

I will be on leave during the week commencing 15 February.

我将從2月15日開始一周的休假。

I'd rather have a staycation at home than travel abroad.

和出國旅遊相比,我更願意在自己的城市裡度假。

注意:

1. 不是所有的不上班或不上學的日子都可以叫 holiday 或 vacation,比如你想在家裡休息一天,此時這一天既不是 holiday,也不是 vacation,而是叫作休息日或休假日(day off),例如:

I'm going to take a day off this week.

這個星期我要請一天假。

Most weeks, Sunday is my only day off.

大多數時候,我隻有星期天才休息。

Why not take a few days off?

為什麼不休息幾天呢?

It was Mrs Dearden's day off, and Paul was on duty in her place.

那天迪爾登夫人休息,保羅替她當班。

She asked her boss whether she could have the day off.

她問老闆可不可以讓她請一天假。

holiday、vacation和leave用法辨析

I'll ask my boss if I can have the day off.

我要問一下老闆我能不能請一天假。

Your day off is your own.

你的假日歸你自己支配。

I took a half day off yesterday.

昨天我休假半天。

I have a tame doctor who'll always give me a sick note when I want a day off.

我的醫生對我有求必應。我想要休一天假時,他總會給我開病假條。

It's funny how I never seem to get a thing done on my day off

好笑的是,我好像從來沒有在休息日裡做成過一件事。

2. 一周中的星期六和星期天兩天通常叫周末(the weekend),而不叫 holiday 或 vacation,例如:

Are you doing anything over the weekend ?

你在周末有什麼安排嗎?

如果因為工作的需要周末要工作,那麼從周一到周五也會有休息的時間,此時這段時間也不叫 holiday 或 vacation,而還是叫你的休息日或休假日(your day off),例如:

What are you doing on your day off?

你休息日幹什麼?

3. 如果你在上學期間有一段時間沒有課程的話,這段時間叫 break,而不叫 holiday 或 vacation,例如:

What did you do over summer break?

暑假你做了什麼?

Mini-break 短期休假

I'm going to spend my May Day holiday on a mini-break by the sea.

我計劃利用“五一”短假去海邊玩。

holiday、vacation和leave用法辨析

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