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centos 7.2 mysql 5.7_centos7.2 安裝 mysql5.7

一、MySQL 5.7 主要特性:

原生支援 Systemd

更好的性能:對于多核 CPU、固态硬碟、鎖有着更好的優化更好的 InnoDB 存儲引擎

更為健壯的複制功能:複制帶來了資料完全不丢失的方案,傳統金融客戶也可以選擇使用 MySQL 資料庫。

注:mysql-5.6.3 已經支援了多線程的主從複制

新增 sys 庫:以後這會是 DBA 通路最頻繁的庫

二、安裝 mysql5.7.18

1、系統環境:centos7.2 x86_64

# uname -r

3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

因為 centos7.2 預設安裝了 mariadb-libs,是以先要解除安裝掉

檢視是否安裝 mariadb,有就解除安裝

# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

2、安裝依賴包

注:相關依賴包的作用

cmake:由于從 MySQL5.5 版本開始棄用了正常的 configure 編譯方法,是以需要 CMake 編譯器,用于設定 mysql 的編譯參數。如:安裝目錄、資料存放目錄、字元編碼、排序規則等。 Boost #從 MySQL 5.7.5 開始 Boost 庫是必需的,mysql 源碼中用到了 C++的 Boost 庫,要求必須安裝 boost1.59.0 或以上版本

GCC 是 Linux 下的 C 語言編譯工具,mysql 源碼編譯完全由 C 和 C++編寫,要求必須安裝

GCC

bison:Linux 下 C/C++文法分析器

ncurses:字元終端處理庫

軟體連結:

安裝 cmake,注意進行./bootstrap是報錯了,說的是缺少gcc的包

是以需要先安裝gcc

# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ m4

# tar -xvf cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz

# cd cmake-3.5.2/

# ./bootstrap

# gmake && gmake install

cmake –version ---檢視 cmake 版本

# cmake -version

cmake version 3.5.2

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

安裝 ncurses

# tar -xvf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz

# cd ncurses-5.9/

# ./configure && make && make install

安裝 bison

# tar -xvf bison-3.0.4.tar.gz

# cd bison-3.0.4/

# ./configure && make && make install

安裝 bootst

# tar -xvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

# mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost

3)建立 mysql 使用者和使用者組及目錄

# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false -M mysql ---建立 msyql 組和 msyql 使用者禁止登入 shell

# mkdir /data/soft/mysql ---建立目錄

# mkdir /data/soft/mysql/mysqldb ---資料庫目錄

3、編譯安裝 mysql

解壓 mysql 源碼包:

# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.18.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.7.18/

# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/soft/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/soft/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_c -DWITH-SYSTEMD=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

# make && make install

注 1:配置解釋:

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/soft/mysql [MySQL 安裝的根目錄]

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb [MySQL 資料庫檔案存放目錄]

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc [MySQL 配置檔案所在目錄]

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 MYISAM 引擎支援]

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 InnoDB 引擎支援]

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加 ARCHIVE 引擎支援 ]

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql /mysql.sock [指定 mysql.sock 位置 ]

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [安裝支援資料庫分區 ]

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all [使 MySQL 支援所有的擴充字元]

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 [設定 MySQL 的預設字元集為utf8]

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci [設定預設字元集校對規則]

-DWITH-SYSTEMD=1 [可以使用 systemd 控制 mysql 服務]

-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [指向 boost 庫所在目錄]

2:為了加快編譯速度可以按下面的方式編譯安裝

make -j $(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc –l) && make install

-j 參數表示根據 CPU 核數指定編譯時的線程數,可以加快編譯速度。預設為 1 個線程編譯。 如果在測試時就不要用這個了,比較耗資源,估計兩下系統就會顯示make錯誤,我自己做了幾次,都是這樣提示,是以測試就老老實實make就行,别搞花裡胡哨的,在生産環境可以這樣用,因為伺服器配置比較好。

注 3:若要重新運作 cmake 配置,需要删除 CMakeCache.txt 檔案

# make clean

#rm -f CMakeCache.txt

優化 Mysql 的執行路徑

# vim /etc/profile

編輯變量路徑内容

export PATH=$PATH:/data/soft/mysql/bin

# source /etc/profile

4、設定權限并初始化 MySQL 系統授權表

# cd /data/soft/mysql/

# chown -R mysql:mysql .

# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb

2018-05-10T05:20:41.713754Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2018-05-10T05:20:43.602801Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2018-05-10T05:20:43.738995Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2018-05-10T05:20:43.807591Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e337ff8a-5411-11e8-b889-000c29560c16.

2018-05-10T05:20:43.814513Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2018-05-10T05:20:43.819425Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: _ikVWLuiy0qJ

注意:如果使用–initialize 參數初始化系統資料庫之後,會生成 root 使用者的一個臨時密碼"_ikVWLuiy0qJ",如上所示。

注 1:以 root 初始化操作時要加--user=mysql 參數,生成一個随機密碼(注意儲存登入時用)

注 2:MySQL 5.7.6 之前的版本執行這個腳本初始化系統資料庫

/data/soft/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb

# 5.7.6 之後版本初始系統資料庫腳本(本文使用此方式初始化)

#/data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb

# chown  -R  mysql:mysql  .       ---改所有者,注意是 root .

5、建立配置檔案

由于在5.7.18開始,二進制包不再包含示例檔案my-default.cnf,是以我從5.7.17版本中提取了樣例,但是發現裡面也沒有太多項配置,my-default.cnf内容如下:

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

自己寫的

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/data/soft/mysql

datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb

pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid

socket=/data/soft/mysql/mysqld.sock

log_error=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.err

重新載入 systemd,掃描新的或有變動的單元

# systemctl daemon-reload

6、配置 mysql 自動啟動

# cp /data/soft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig mysqld on

# systemctl start mysqld

# ps -ef |grep mysqld

root 65697 1 0 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb --pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid

mysql 65852 65697 6 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /data/soft/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/soft/mysql --datadir=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb --plugin-dir=/data/soft/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.err --pid-file=/data/soft/mysql/mysqldb/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/soft/mysql/mysql.sock

root 65883 62018 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld

注意:在 mysql.server啟動過程中如果出錯,那麼可能是pid的問題,把預設的 pid 檔案指定到了/var/run/mysqld/目錄,而并沒有事先建立該目錄,是以要手動建立該目錄并把權限賦給 mysql 使用者。

# mkdir /var/run/mysqld

# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld/

服務啟動成功

通路 MySQL 資料庫并修改密碼

# mysql -uroot -p_ikVWLuiy0qJ

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('abc.123');

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用新密碼登陸

# mysql -uroot -pabc.123

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 9

Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

未完待續................................