MySQL 預設資料目錄修改

本文主要介紹在CentOS下通過yum指令安裝mysql之後，如何移動預設資料目錄到指定位置。

Mysql 安裝之後預設的資料檔案存儲目錄為/var/lib/mysql。

假如要把目錄移到/home/data下需要進行下面幾步：

1、home目錄下建立data目錄

cd /home

mkdir data      

2、把MySQL服務程序停掉：

service mysqld stop      

3、把/var/lib/mysql 整個目錄移到 /home/data

mv /var/lib/mysql　/home/data/      

這樣就把MySQL的資料檔案移動到了/home/data/mysql下

然後再次建立一個新的空目錄，并制作一個軟連接配接到新的sock路徑：

mkdir /var/lib/mysql

ln -s /home/data/mysql/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock      

4、vim /etc/my.cnf

如果/etc/目錄下沒有my.cnf配置檔案，請到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf檔案，拷貝其中一個到/etc/并改名為my.cnf。

為保證MySQL能夠正常工作，需要指明mysql.sock檔案的産生位置。修改

datadir=/home/data/mysql

socket=/home/data/mysql/mysql.sock      

另外還要注意目錄的屬主和權限，代碼如下:

chown -R mysql:mysql /home/data/mysql/

chmod -R 700 /home/data/mysql/      

5、重新啟動MySQL服務

service mysqld　start      

如果工作正常，則移動就成功了。

最後，檢視日志tail -300f /var/log/mysqld.log，如果發現：

2021-12-18T06:27:46.683340Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683479Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683491Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683504Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683512Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683521Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot open datafile './ibtmp1'
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683530Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Unable to create the shared innodb_temporary
2021-12-18T06:27:46.683541Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted with error Cannot open a file
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286272Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286312Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286321Z 0 [ERROR] Failed to initialize builtin plugins.
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286329Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

2021-12-18T06:27:47.286450Z 0 [Note] Binlog end
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286514Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'
2021-12-18T06:27:47.286774Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete