目錄:
- Object類下的equals和hashCode:
- == 和 equals
- hashCode碼的特點
- 為什麼重寫equals建議一定要重寫hashCode?
Object類下的equals和hashCode:
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}
public native int hashCode();
== 和 equals
對于值對象,比較的是兩個對象的值
對于引用對象, 比較的是兩個對象的位址
如上代碼Object類下的equals 通過==對比是目前對象和傳入對象是否是同一個對象,對比的是兩個對象的位址
也就是即使是對象裡面的值都是一樣的,也會被判,這兩對象不相等。通過代碼來了解一下這句話:
public class Cat {
int color,weight,height;
public Cat(int color,int weight,int height){
this.color = color;
this.weight = weight;
this.height = height;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cat c1 = new Cat(1, 1, 1);
Cat c2 = new Cat(1, 1, 1);
System.out.println("c1==c2的結果是:"+(c1==c2));
System.out.println("c1.equals(c2)的結果是:"+c1.equals(c2));
System.out.println("c1.hashCode="+c1.hashCode());
System.out.println("c2.hashCode="+c2.hashCode());
}
c1==c2的結果是:false
c1.equals(c2)的結果是:false
c1.hashCode=356573597
c2.hashCode=1735600054
通過結果可以知道:即使是一樣的屬性的Cat對象,hashcode和equals都是不同的。
引用equals調用的是object的equals方法,通過thisobject判斷目前對象和傳入的對象也就是c1和c2的引用是否是同一個,答案當然是不一樣,是以equals的結果和的結果是一樣的,都是false。
不同對象他們的hashCode是不一樣的。
但思考:不同對象的hashCode一定是不一樣的?
hashCode碼的特點
上面提到,不同對象的hashCode一定是不一樣的?—不是
那麼反過來呢?
一樣的hashCode,一定是同一個對象嗎?----不是
相同對象的hashCode一定是一樣的嗎?-----是
TODO:深入原理不太明白,看源碼注釋可以看到:
/**
* Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
* supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
* {@link java.util.HashMap}.
* <p>
* The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
* <ul>
* <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
* an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
* must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
* used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
* This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
* application to another execution of the same application.
* <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
* method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
* the two objects must produce the same integer result.
* <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
* according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
* method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
* two objects must produce distinct integer results. However, the
* programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
* for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
* </ul>
* <p>
* As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
* class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
* objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
* address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
* technique is not required by the
* Java™ programming language.)
*
* @return a hash code value for this object.
* @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
* @see java.lang.System#identityHashCode
*/
public native int hashCode();
- If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
* method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
* the two objects must produce the same integer result.
* 如果根據{@code equals(Object)}兩個對象相等方法,然後對每個
這兩個對象必須産生相同的整數結果
為什麼重寫equals建議一定要重寫hashCode?
hashCode的計算基礎是根據equals來計算的。如上,相同對象的hashcode一定是一樣的。
在使用hashCode和equals的時候,是通過先對比hashCode,看hashCode如果相同,再對比equals,如果equals的結果是true,則表示兩個對象一樣的。如果hashCode不同,那麼就認定這兩個對象不同了。
是以,如果你更換的equals的對比規則,但是沒有更新hashCode的計算規則,即使equals是true,但是hashCode還是按照this==object的規則進行對比的,那麼存儲的時候hashCode的值也是按照不同對象去存儲的,是以會出現本來是相同對象,卻按照兩個不同對象取出的情況。
舉個例子:
HashSet,set集合的特定就是存儲的對象是惟一的
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<RectObject> set = new HashSet<RectObject>();
RectObject r1 = new RectObject(3,3);
RectObject r2 = new RectObject(5,5);
RectObject r3 = new RectObject(3,3);
System.out.println("r1.equals(r3)的結果:"+r1.equals(r3));
System.out.println("r1.hashCode()"+r1.hashCode());
System.out.println("r3.hashCode()"+r3.hashCode());
set.add(r1);
set.add(r2);
set.add(r3);
System.out.println("Set集合的size:"+set.size());
}
r1.equals(r3)的結果:true
r1.hashCode()356573597
r3.hashCode()1735600054
Set集合的size:3
從結果可以看到,雖然r1和r3的結果是true, 但是Set集合卻當做兩個不同的對象插入了。
原因在于:
RectObject類中重寫了equals方法,沒有重寫hashCode方法
public class RectObject {
public int x;
public int y;
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
RectObject that = (RectObject) o;
return x == that.x &&
y == that.y;
}
// @Override
// public int hashCode() {
// return Objects.hash(x, y);
// }
}
重寫了hashCode之後的運作結果:
r1.equals(r3)的結果:true
r1.hashCode()1057
r3.hashCode()1057
Set集合的size:2