采用dd工具做nandflash磨損均衡

最近在linux嵌入式平台上做nandflash的壓力測試，即磨損均衡，通過dd工具生成一個大檔案，然後測試程式去讀取該檔案的内容進行判斷是否出現ECC校驗錯誤，在測試程式内部出現了一個bug，測試程式每次使用dd 生成檔案9次之後就會出現異常退出，具體log如下：

[root@szclou /mnt/app]#./flash_stress 
read last total_cnt=47
****************************Start: total_cnt=47, cur_cnt=0***********************************
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      16792      43348          0       1300      10796
-/+ buffers/cache:       4696      55444
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M      3.4M     91.6M   4% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      27040      33100          0       1300      21040
-/+ buffers/cache:       4700      55440
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     12.7M     82.3M  13% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      37276      22864          0       1300      31284
-/+ buffers/cache:       4692      55448
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     22.8M     72.2M  24% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      47536      12604          0       1300      41528
-/+ buffers/cache:       4708      55432
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     33.0M     62.0M  35% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57796       2344          0       1300      51772
-/+ buffers/cache:       4724      55416
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     43.2M     51.8M  45% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      58732       1408          0        300      53732
-/+ buffers/cache:       4700      55440
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     53.3M     41.7M  56% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57832       2308          0        472      52620
-/+ buffers/cache:       4740      55400
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     63.5M     31.5M  67% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57940       2200          0        188      53028
-/+ buffers/cache:       4724      55416
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     73.6M     21.4M  78% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57712       2428          0        188      52792
-/+ buffers/cache:       4732      55408
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     83.8M     11.2M  88% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57868       2272          0        188      52948
-/+ buffers/cache:       4732      55408
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     94.1M    940.0K  99% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
dd: writing '/mnt/data/stress-test-file': No space left on device
2+0 records in
0+1 records out
system-shell: dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data/stress-test-file bs=1M count=10 error exit!!!
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      57760       2380          0        268      52788
-/+ buffers/cache:       4704      55436
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M     10.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     95.0M     40.0K 100% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
total 899
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          2048 Dec 13 08:38 .
drwxr-xr-x    5 root     root             0 Jan  1  1970 ..
d---------    1 root     root          2048 Dec 12 12:20 cfg
d---------    1 root     root          2048 Dec 12 12:20 data
drwx------    1 root     root          2048 Jan  1  1970 lost+found
d---------    1 root     root          2048 Dec 12 12:20 para
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        909312 Dec 13 08:38 stress-test-file
-rwsr-sr-t    1 root     root             4 Dec 13 07:59 total_cnt
write total_cnt=56
****************************End: total_cnt=56, cur_cnt=9***********************************
[root@szclou /mnt/app]#

通過log發現實體記憶體一直在減小，最後隻剩下free=2380kb，我是在/mnt/data分區下進行的dd檔案的生成，是以/dev/mtdblock7總大小為95M，最後隻剩下40kb！！！最後發現是源碼内部打開了dd生産的檔案，而沒有關閉，關閉之後記憶體、和分區的使用情況就正常了，測試程式不會在退出，修改後的log如下：

[root@szclou /mnt/app]#./flash_stress 
read last total_cnt=56
****************************Start: total_cnt=56, cur_cnt=0***********************************
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      14068      46072          0       1140       8228
-/+ buffers/cache:       4700      55440
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M      6.8M      3.2M  68% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M      3.5M     91.5M   4% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      23404      36736          0       1140      17580
-/+ buffers/cache:       4684      55456
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M      6.8M      3.2M  68% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     12.7M     82.3M  13% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      23404      36736          0       1140      17580
-/+ buffers/cache:       4684      55456
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M      6.8M      3.2M  68% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     12.9M     82.1M  14% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      23404      36736          0       1140      17580
-/+ buffers/cache:       4684      55456
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M      6.8M      3.2M  68% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     13.1M     81.9M  14% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      23404      36736          0       1140      17580
-/+ buffers/cache:       4684      55456
Swap:            0          0          0
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 5.4M      5.4M         0 100% /
devtmpfs                 29.3M         0     29.3M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    29.4M         0     29.4M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    29.4M     24.0K     29.3M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                    29.4M     16.0K     29.3M   0% /run
/dev/mtdblock5           10.0M      6.8M      3.2M  68% /mnt/app
/dev/mtdblock6            8.0M      1.9M      6.1M  24% /mnt/ext
/dev/mtdblock7           95.0M     13.2M     81.8M  14% /mnt/data
tmpfs                     1.0G         0      1.0G   0% /mnt/app/tmpfs_test
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
file size = 10M.
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         60140      23448      36692          0       1140      17580
-/+ buffers/cache:       4728      55412
Swap:            0          0          0

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/types.h>    
#include <sys/stat.h> 
#include <sys/wait.h> 
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>


#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY 0 
#endif



bool check_buf(char *p, char b,int len)
{
  int i;
  
  for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
    if (p[i] != b){
      printf("check_buf: error p[%d]=%02x\n", i, p[i]);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  return true;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  struct stat st;
  const static char *stress_abs_file = "/mnt/data/stress-test-file";
  char cmd_dd[128];
  char cmd_rm[128];
  int default_count = 10; //預設10M
  int default_bs = 1; //預設1M
  int fd, idx, ret, total_cnt, cur_cnt;
  char buf[1024];
  
  
  memset(cmd_dd, 0, sizeof(cmd_dd));
  sprintf(cmd_dd, "dd if=/dev/zero of=%s bs=%dM count=%d", stress_abs_file, default_bs, default_count);

  memset(cmd_rm, 0, sizeof(cmd_rm));
  sprintf(cmd_rm, "rm %s", stress_abs_file);
  
  cur_cnt = 0;
  total_cnt = 0;
  if ((fd=open("/mnt/data/total_cnt", O_RDWR|O_BINARY|O_CREAT)) >= 0) {
    if (read(fd, (char*)&total_cnt, sizeof(total_cnt))>=0){
      printf("read last total_cnt=%d\n", total_cnt);
    } else {
      printf("read last total_cnt failure.\n");
    }
    close(fd);
  } else {
    printf("open /mnt/data/total_cnt failure.\n");
  }
    
  printf("****************************Start: total_cnt=%d, cur_cnt=%d***********************************\n", total_cnt, cur_cnt); 

  while (1) {
    system("free");
    system("df -h");
    if (access(stress_abs_file, F_OK) == 0) {
      ret = system(cmd_rm);
      if (WIFEXITED(ret)) { //正常退出(指調用system函數後的傳回值)
        if (WEXITSTATUS(ret) == 0) {//正常退出 (指調用system函數内的shell的傳回值)
          ;
        } else {
          printf("system-shell: %s error exit!!!\n", cmd_rm);
          goto RET;
        }
      } else {
        printf("system: %s error exit!!!\n", cmd_rm);
        goto RET;
      }
    }

    ret = system(cmd_dd);
    if (WIFEXITED(ret)) { //正常退出(指調用system函數後的傳回值)
      if (WEXITSTATUS(ret) == 0) {//正常退出 (指調用system函數内的shell的傳回值)
        ;
      } else {
        printf("system-shell: %s error exit!!!\n", cmd_dd);
        system("free");
        system("df -h");
        system("ls -la /mnt/data/");
        goto RET;
      }
    } else {
      printf("system: %s error exit!!!\n", cmd_dd);
      goto RET;
    }

    if (stat(stress_abs_file, &st)!=-1 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
      if ((fd=open(stress_abs_file, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) > -1) {
        printf("file size = %dM.\n", ((int)st.st_size+1)/(1024*1024));        
        idx = 0;
        memset(buf, 0xff, sizeof(buf));
        while ((ret=read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0){
          if (!check_buf(buf, 0x00, ret)) {
            printf("Error: abort stress test!!!\n");
            goto RET;
          }
          idx += ret;
          if (idx >= (int)st.st_size){
            total_cnt++;
            cur_cnt++;
          }
        }
        close(fd); //之前忘了關閉檔案句柄，導緻實體記憶體和/dev/mtdblock7一直申請，沒有釋放空間
      } else {
        printf("system: open %s error\n", cmd_dd);
      }
    } else {
      printf("system: exec %s error\n", cmd_dd);
    }
  }

RET:  
  close(fd);

  if ((fd=open("/mnt/data/total_cnt", O_RDWR|O_BINARY|O_CREAT)) >= 0) {
    if (write(fd, (char*)&total_cnt, sizeof(total_cnt))>=0) {
      printf("write total_cnt=%d\n", total_cnt);
    } else {
      printf("write total_cnt failure.\n");
    }
    close(fd);
  } else {
    printf("open /mnt/data/total_cnt failure.\n");
  }
  
  printf("****************************End: total_cnt=%d, cur_cnt=%d***********************************\n", total_cnt, cur_cnt); 
  
  return 0;
}

GCC = nuc972-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc 
FLAGS = -std=c99 -o 
SRC = flash_stress.c
APP = flash_stress
all:
  ${GCC} ${FLAGS} ${APP} ${SRC}
clean:
  rm -rf ${APP} *.o

采用dd工具做nandflash磨損均衡

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