Elasticsearch match和term查詢的差別

差別

match

全文搜尋, 通常用于對text類型字段的查詢,會對進行查詢的文本先進行分詞操作,如下圖

term

精确查詢,通常用于對keyword和有精确值的字段進行查詢,不會對進行查詢的文本進行分詞操作,精确比對,如下圖

執行個體說明

1. 建立索引
2. 添加資料
3. 測試分詞效果
4. 測試match查詢
5. 測試term查詢

建立索引

添加一個text類型的字段,使用ik_max_word分析器

PUT /testquery
{
  "mappings": {
    "books":{
      "properties": { 
        "bookName":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}      

添加資料

POST /testquery/books
{
  "bookName":"Java程式設計思想"
}      

測試分詞效果

GET /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
  "text": ["Java程式設計思想"]
}      

結果

{
  "tokens": [
    {
      "token": "java",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 4,
      "type": "ENGLISH",
      "position": 0
    },
    {
      "token": "程式設計",
      "start_offset": 4,
      "end_offset": 6,
      "type": "CN_WORD",
      "position": 1
    },
    {
      "token": "思想",
      "start_offset": 6,
      "end_offset": 8,
      "type": "CN_WORD",
      "position": 2
    }
  ]
}      

是以,Java程式設計思想 實際分詞效果如下

測試match查詢,進行分詞操作

查詢 Java

先看看 Java 的分詞效果

GET /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
  "text": ["Java"]
}      

{
  "tokens": [
    {
      "token": "java",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 4,
      "type": "ENGLISH",
      "position": 0
    }
  ]
}      

存在, 是以是可以查詢到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "bookName": "Java"
    }
  }
}      

{
  "took": 60,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "testquery",
        "_type": "books",
        "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "bookName": "Java程式設計思想"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}      

查詢 Java思想

檢視分詞效果

GET /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
  "text": ["Java思想"]
}      

{
  "tokens": [
    {
      "token": "java",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 4,
      "type": "ENGLISH",
      "position": 0
    },
    {
      "token": "思想",
      "start_offset": 4,
      "end_offset": 6,
      "type": "CN_WORD",
      "position": 1
    }
  ]
}      

存在, 是以也是可以查詢到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "bookName": "Java思想"
    }
  }
}      

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "testquery",
        "_type": "books",
        "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "bookName": "Java程式設計思想"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}      

POST /testquery/books/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "bookName": "java"
    }
  }
}      

{
  "took": 7,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "testquery",
        "_type": "books",
        "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "bookName": "Java程式設計思想"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}      

POST /testquery/books/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "bookName": "Java"
    }
  }
}      

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 0,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": []
  }
}