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5DQL之mysql單表查詢語句select

select應用場景:

1單獨使用;

檢視端口号:select @@port;

檢視使用者和主機:select user,host from mysql.user;

格式化檢視使用者和主機:select user,host from mysql.user\G;

模糊查詢含有innodb的指令:show variables like '%innodb%'

 2配合函數使用:

查時間:select now();

查詢目前所在的庫: select database();

查詢庫名:
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    47
Current database: *** NONE ***

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| tangTest           |
| testku             |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.04 sec)
使用mysql這個庫:
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

檢視目前的庫名:
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql      |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

檢視目前資料庫版本:      

mysql> select version();

+------------+

| version() |

+------------+

| 5.7.26-log |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

SQL92标準的使用文法

select文法執行順序:

select開始--->from子句--->where子句--->group by子句--->select後執行條件--->having子句--->order by --->limit

--- select語句應用

5DQL之mysql單表查詢語句select

1進入world這個庫,查詢city表的是以資料:

相對路徑寫法:
use world;
select * from city;
絕對路徑寫法:
select * from world.city;      

2查詢name和populaton這兩個列的所有值:

相對路徑寫法:
use world
select name, population from city;
絕對路徑寫法:
select name, population from world.city;      

3查詢庫裡所有的表:

show tables from world;      

4列出表中的資訊:

DSC city;      

---where語句用法:

1等值查詢(=)

查詢中國城市資訊

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN';      

2不等值查詢(>,<,>=,<=,<>)

查詢世界人口小于100人的城市

select * from world.city where population<100;      

3模糊查詢(需配合like)

查詢國家代号是c開頭的城市:

select * from world.city where countrycode like 'c%';      

統計國家代碼以c開頭的城市一共有多少行?

select count(*) from world.city where countrycode like 'c%';      

4配合邏輯連接配接符查詢(and ,or)

統計大于等于1萬小于等于3萬的城市

select * from world.city where population >= 10000 and population <= 20000;
select * from world.city where population between 10000 and 20000;      

5查詢一下中國或美國的城市資訊

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN' or countrycode='USA';
select * from world.city where countrycode in ('CHN','USA');      

6查詢一下中國或美國的城市資訊(推薦):

union和union all的意思是聚合;但union可以去重,union all不去重。

select * from world where countrycode='CHN' union all select * from world.city where countrycode='USA'      

-- group by 配合聚合函數應用

常用的聚合函數:

avg()

count()

max()

min()

group_concat()

1統計世界上每個國家的人口數:

解釋:以國家代碼進行分組,以國家代碼進行聚合運算

select countrycode,sum(population) from world.city group by countrycode;      

2統計每個國家的城市個數

字段name是城市名的字段

select countrycode, count(name) from world.city group by countrycode;      

3統計每個國家的省名清單

count()函數表示将多個字元串連接配接成一個字元串,而group_concat()則是以group by為條件拼接字元串

這裡的district是省的字段名

5DQL之mysql單表查詢語句select
select coutrycode,group_concat(district) from world.city group_by countrycode;      

4統計中國每個省的城市名清單

select district, group_concat(name) from worls.city where countrycode='CHN' group by district;      

5統計中國每個省的總人口數

select discrit, sum(population) from world.city where countrycode='CHN' gropy by district;      

6統計一下中國每個省的平均人口數

select dictrict, avg(population) from world.city where countrycode='CHN' group by district;      

 -- having:對處理的結果進行再過濾(後過濾):

統計中國的每個省的人口數量大于1000萬的省人口數

select district,sum(population) from world.city where countrycode='CHN' group by district having sum(population)>10000000;      

統計中國每個省的總人口數并從小到大排序

select district sum(population) from world.city where countrycode='CHN' group by district order by sum(population);      

從大到小排列中國每個省的人口數

select district sum(population) from world.city where countrycode='CHN' group by district order by dum(population) 
DESC;      

查詢中國所有城市,并以人口數降序排列

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN' order by popelation DESC;      

 -- limit:分頁顯示(一般都配合order by一起使用):

 查詢中國所有城市,以人口數量升序排列,隻顯示前五

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN' order by population limit 5;      

查詢中國所有城市,以人口數量升序排列,顯示6-8行

limit 5,5:第一個5表示跳過前5行,第二個3表示顯示3行,其實就是顯示6-8行。

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN' order by population limit 5,3;      

查詢中國所有城市,以人口數量升序排列,顯示6-10行

limit 5 offset 5:第一個5表示顯示5行,第二個5表示偏移5行

select * from world.city where countrycode='CHN' order by population limit 5 offset 5;      

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