TQ210 —— nandflash
TQ210 開發闆闆載一片 1Gbyte 的 NAND FLASH——K9K8G08U0B,通過查詢K9K8G08U0B 晶片手冊可以得到如下資訊:(理論知識不再介紹)
K9K8G08U0B : (1G + 32M) x 8bit 總大小
Data Register : (2K + 64) x 8bit 資料寄存器
Page Program : (2K + 64)Byte 頁程式設計
Block Erase : (128K + 4K)Byte 塊擦除
Page Read: (2K + 64)Byte 頁讀
我們需要按上面這個位址周期表來發位址。
對NFDATA 寄存器的定義(參考 S5PV210 晶片手冊 4.3.1.1 8-bit NAND Flash Memory Interface)
#define NFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0xB0E00010)
NFCONF 寄存器中 3 個時間參數稍微比計算的值大些(大 1 就可以),否則會出現讀寫不穩定
下面幾種操作流程中對于發送位址的周期數:有的是 5 個周期,有的是 3 個周期,有的是 1 個周期。
1、 擦除流程
(1)片選
(2)發指令 0x60
(3)發頁位址(塊對齊,3 個周期)
(4)發指令 0xD0
(5)等待 NAND 空閑
(6)取消片選
2、 寫資料
(1)片選
(2)發指令 0x80
(3)發位址(頁對齊, 5 個周期)
(4)連續發送一頁資料
(5)發指令 0x10
(6)等待 NAND 空閑
(7)取消片選
3、 讀資料
1) 片選
2) 發指令 0x00
3) 發位址(頁對齊, 5 個周期)
4) 發指令 0x30
5) 等待 NAND 空閑
6) 連續讀一頁資料
7) 取消片選
4、 讀ID
1) 片選
2) 發指令 0x90
3) 發 0 位址( 1 個周期)
4) 連續讀 5 個位元組的 ID
5) 取消片選
#include "types.h"
#define NFCONF (*(volatile u32 *)0xB0E00000)
#define NFCONT (*(volatile u32 *)0xB0E00004)
#define NFCMMD (*(volatile u32 *)0xB0E00008)
#define NFADDR (*(volatile u32 *)0xB0E0000C)
#define NFDATA (*(volatile u8 *)0xB0E00010)
#define NFSTAT (*(volatile u32 *)0xB0E00028)
#define MP0_1CON (*(volatile u32 *)0xE02002E0)
#define MP0_3CON (*(volatile u32 *)0xE0200320)
#define MP0_6CON (*(volatile u32 *)0xE0200380)
#define PAGE_SIZE 2048
#define BLOCK_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE * 64)
/* 等待NAND準備好 */
static void inline nand_wait_ready()
{
while(!(NFSTAT & (1 << 0)));
}
/* 片選 */
static void inline nand_select_chip()
{
NFCONT &= ~(1 << 1);
}
/* 取消片選 */
static void inline nand_deselect_chip()
{
NFCONT |= (1 << 1);
}
/* 發指令 */
static void inline nand_cmd(u32 cmd)
{
NFCMMD = cmd;
}
/* 發位址(5個周期) */
static void nand_addr(u32 addr)
{
u32 col = addr % PAGE_SIZE; /* 頁内偏移 */
u32 row = addr / PAGE_SIZE; /* 頁位址 */
NFADDR = col & 0xFF;
NFADDR = (col >> 8) & 0x7;
NFADDR = row & 0xFF;
NFADDR = (row >> 8) & 0xFF;
NFADDR = (row >> 16) & 0x07;
}
/* 讀1byte資料 */
static u8 inline nand_read()
{
return NFDATA;
}
/* 寫1byte資料 */
static void inline nand_write(u8 data)
{
NFDATA = data;
}
/* 複位NAND */
static void nand_reset()
{
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0xFF);
nand_wait_ready();
nand_deselect_chip();
}
/* NAND初始化 */
void nand_init()
{
/* HCLK_PSYS=133MHz(7.5ns) */
NFCONF = (0x1 << 23) | /* Disable 1-bit and 4-bit ECC */
/* 下面3個時間參數稍微比計算出的值大些(我這裡依次加1),否則讀寫不穩定 */
(0x3 << 12) | /* 7.5ns * 2 > 12ns tALS tCLS */
(0x2 << 8) | /* (1+1) * 7.5ns > 12ns (tWP) */
(0x1 << 4) | /* (0+1) * 7.5 > 5ns (tCLH/tALH) */
(0x0 << 3) | /* SLC NAND Flash */
(0x0 << 2) | /* 2KBytes/Page */
(0x1 << 1); /* 5 address cycle */
/*
** The setting all nCE[3:0] zero can not be allowed. Only
** one nCE can be asserted to enable external NAND flash
** memory. The lower bit has more priority when user set all
** nCE[3:0] zeros.
*/
NFCONT = (0x1 << 1) | /* Disable chip select */
(0x1 << 0); /* Enable NAND Flash Controller */
/*
** Port Map
** CE1->Xm0CSn2-> MP01_2
** CE2->Xm0CSn3-> MP01_3
** CE3->Xm0CSn4-> MP01_4
** CE4->Xm0CSn5-> MP01_5
** CLE->Xm0FCLE-> MP03_0
** ALE->Xm0FALE-> MP03_1
** WE->Xm0FWEn-> MP03_2
** RE->Xm0FREn-> MP03_3
** RB1->Xm0FRnB0->MP03_4
** RB2->Xm0FRnB1->MP03_5
** RB3->Xm0FRnB2->MP03_6
** RB4->Xm0FRnB3->MP03_7
** IO[7:0]->Xm0DATA[7:0]->MP0_6[7:0]
*/
MP0_1CON &= ~(0xFFFF << 8);
MP0_1CON |= (0x3333 << 8);
MP0_3CON = 0x22222222;
MP0_6CON = 0x22222222;
nand_reset();
}
/* 讀NAND ID */
void nand_read_id(u8 id[])
{
int i;
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0x90);
NFADDR = 0x00;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
id[i] = nand_read();
nand_deselect_chip();
}
/* 擦除一個塊 */
void nand_erase(u32 addr)
{
if (addr & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
{
printf("not block align\n");
return;
}
u32 row = addr / PAGE_SIZE;
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0x60);
NFADDR = row & 0xff;
NFADDR = (row >> 8) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (row >> 16) & 0x07;
nand_cmd(0xD0);
nand_wait_ready();
nand_deselect_chip();
}
/* 讀一頁資料 */
void nand_read_page(u8 *buf, u32 addr)
{
if (addr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
{
printf("not page align\n");
return;
}
int i;
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0);
nand_addr(addr);
nand_cmd(0x30);
nand_wait_ready();
for(i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE; i++)
{
*buf++ = nand_read();
}
nand_deselect_chip();
}
/* 随機讀:從任意位址讀任意位元組的資料 */
void nand_read_random(u8 *buf, u32 addr, u32 size)
{
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0);
nand_addr(addr);
nand_cmd(0x30);
nand_wait_ready();
int i;
u32 col = addr % PAGE_SIZE; /* 頁内偏移 */
for(i = col; i < size + col; i++)
{
nand_cmd(0x05);
NFADDR = i & 0xFF;
NFADDR = (i >> 8) & 0x7;
nand_cmd(0xE0);
*buf++ = nand_read();
}
nand_deselect_chip();
}
/* 寫一頁資料 */
void nand_write_page(u8 *buf, u32 addr)
{
if (addr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
{
printf("not page align\n");
return;
}
int i;
nand_select_chip();
nand_cmd(0x80);
nand_addr(addr);
nand_wait_ready();
for(i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE; i++)
{
nand_write(*buf++);
}
nand_cmd(0x10);
nand_wait_ready();
nand_deselect_chip();
}
#include "types.h"
#include "uart.h" // 這個檔案前面UART序列槽部落格有
void bzero(u8 *s, int size)
{
int i = 0;
for (; i < size; i++)
s[i] = 0;
}
void main()
{
u8 buf[2048];
int i;
bzero(buf, 2048);
nand_read_id(buf);
printf("\nID:");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%X ", buf[i]);
}
putchar('\n');
nand_erase(0x80000); /* 擦除以0x80000位址開始的一個塊 */
for (i = 0; i < 2048; i++)
buf[i] = i % 255;
nand_write_page(buf, 0x80000); /* 寫入1頁資料到0x80000位址 */
bzero(buf, 2048);
nand_read_page(buf, 0x80000); /* 從0x80000位址讀取一頁資料 */
/* 列印讀取到的資料,與寫入的資料一緻 */
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (i % 16 == 0)
putchar('\n');
printf("%X ", buf[i]);
}
}