hash function
Hash,一般翻譯做“散列”,也有直接音譯為“哈希”的,就是把任意長度的輸入(又叫做預映射, pre-image),通過雜湊演算法,變換成固定長度的輸出,該輸出就是散列值。
這種轉換是一種壓縮映射,也就是,散列值的空間通常遠小于輸入的空間,不同的輸入可能會散列成相同的輸出,而不可能從散列值來唯一的确定輸入值。簡單的說就是一種将任意長度的消息壓縮到某一固定長度的消息摘要的函數。

djb2 hash function
算法實作:
// generates a hash value for a sting
// same as djb2 hash function
//構造哈希函數 f(hash)= hash * 33 + c
unsigned int CountMinSketch::hashstr(const char *str) {
unsigned long hash = 5381;
int c;
while (c = *str++) {
hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; /* hash * 33 + c */
}
return hash;
}
複制
數學實作:
X = (a * X) + c; // "mod M", M = 2^32 或 2^64
this algorithm (k=33) was first reported by dan bernstein many years ago in comp.lang.c. another version of this algorithm (now favored by bernstein) uses xor: hash(i) = hash(i - 1) * 33 ^ str[i]; the magic of number 33 (why it works better than many other constants, prime or not) has never been adequately explained.
參考
djb2:一個産生簡單的随機分布的哈希函數
常見的hash算法及其原理