PMP 驗收和核實差別（Validation Versus Verification）

Validation and verification are two important terms in project management; they seem very similar, and it’s easy to get them confused.

驗收和核實是項目管理中的兩個重要術語;它們看起來很相似，很容易混淆。

These are important concepts and any PMP aspirants needs to understand them well. I will explain these terms fully, so you will have a better understanding of them when you finish this blog post.

這些都是重要的概念，任何PMP的追求者都需要很好地了解它們。我會詳細解釋這些術語，這樣當你完成這篇部落格文章時，你會對它們有更好的了解。

This topic is not very important from the PMP exam point of view. However, as a project manager, you must know the difference between these terms.

從PMP考試的角度來看，這個題目不是很重要。但是，作為項目經理，您必須知道這些術語之間的差別。

Validation（驗收、确認）

This is about building the right thing if you have developed the correct product, and whether it meets customers’ requirements or not.

這是關于如果你開發了正确的産品，建構正确的東西，以及它是否滿足客戶的需求。

Validation is a subjective process. It shows you how well the product fulfilled the customer’s requirements. Modeling, simulation, and user evaluation are a few examples of this process.

驗收是一個主觀過程。它向你展示了産品如何很好地滿足了客戶的要求。模組化、仿真和使用者評估就是這個過程的一些例子。

For example, let’s say that you are developing a cell phone for your customers. You have conducted market research and collected the features the item should have. Then you started the production.

例如，假設您正在為客戶開發一款手機。你已經進行了市場調查并收集了該産品應有的特性。然後開始制作。

However, when the cell phone is finally launched, it does not get the expected market response. Eventually, it fails.

然而，當這款手機最終上市時，并沒有得到預期的市場反應。最終,它失敗了。

Here, you would say that the product could not be validated because it failed to meet the customers’ needs. Validation is about product testing and it is a subjective process.

在這裡，你會說産品不能被驗收，因為它沒有滿足客戶的需求。驗收是一個關于産品測試的主觀過程。

Verification（核實）

This is about building the product correctly, whether it meets all stated quality requirements and is as described.

這是關于正确地建構産品，是否滿足所有規定的品質要求，是否如描述的那樣。

Verification is an objective process. All quality requirements must be well documented for proper measurement and analysis.

核實是一個客觀的過程。所有的品質要求都必須記錄在案，以便進行适當的測量和分析。

For example, let’s say that you are developing a cell phone. You have conducted market research and collected all the information on required features. You develop a plan to build the product. You complete all the requirements and develop the procedure accordingly.

例如，假設您正在開發一款手機。您已經進行了市場調查并收集了所有有關所需功能的資訊。你制定一個計劃來建構産品。您完成了所有的要求并相應地開發了程式。

Now, the production process has started. You will perform an inspection during the process to make sure that everything is going according to plan.

現在，生産過程已經開始。你将在生産過程中進行檢查以確定一切都按計劃進行。

If the product meets requirements, this means it has been verified. Verification ensures that the product is of high quality. It is useful in making sure the product error-free.

如果産品滿足要求，這意味着它已經被核實。驗收確定了産品的高品質。它有助于確定産品沒有錯誤。

Difference Between Verification and Validation

Validation ensures that specifications meet customer requirements, while verification ensures that products meet the specifications.

驗收確定規格符合客戶要求，而核實確定産品符合規格。

• Verification evaluates the process and the product in development, while validation evaluates the product itself.
• 核實評估過程和開發中的産品，而驗收評估産品本身。
• Verification helps the product be built the right way. The objective of validation is to build the right product.
• 核實有助于以正确的方式建構産品。驗收的目的是建構正确的産品。
• Inspection and document review are verification tools. Validation activities include testing the product.
• 檢查和檔案評審是核實工具。驗收活動包括測試産品。
• The project management team performs the verification process, while validation is performed by the client or customer.
• 項目管理團隊執行核實過程，而驗收由客戶或客戶執行。

It is possible for the product to pass verification but fail validation.

産品有可能通過核實但沒有通過驗收。

You can see this in the example provided; the company developed a cell phone that passed through the verification process. However, when they launched it, the customer response was not good. The product failed and this means the product can’t be validated.

你可以在提供的例子中看到這一點;該公司開發了一款通過認證的手機。然而，當他們推出這款産品時，客戶的反應并不好。産品失敗，這意味着産品不能被驗收。

Summary（總結）

Validation and verification are independent procedures. The project manager uses them to make sure they have built the right product in the correct way. Verification is about conformance to specifications, it is an internal process. Validation is about customer expectation and it is often an external, subjective process. Verification comes before validation.

驗證和核實是獨立的過程。項目經理使用它們來確定他們以正确的方式建構了正确的産品。核實是關于規範的一緻性，它是一個内部過程。驗收是關于客戶期望的，它通常是一個外部的、主觀的過程。核實先于驗收。

​​Validation Versus Verification​​