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ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

三層架構架構:

接入層:提供端口的密度,用于使用者終端的接入。一般使用二層交換機、AP等裝置。

彙聚層(分布層):流量的集合處。可以用到的技術有:DHCP / VLAN / STP / HSRP / VRRP / channel / QOS / ACL…

核心層:使用NAT實作内網與公網之間的通路。能夠進行高速路由轉發。

三層架構的核心:

備援—備份。 線路備份、裝置備份、網關備份、UPS(電源)備份。

注:UPS(電源)備份不屬于技術。裝置若存在雙電源口,将兩根電源查到不同的供電處即可實作電源備份。

三層架構案例:

拓撲圖:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

要求:

1:ISP隻能配置公有IP,不得再進行其他任何配置。

2:所有PC通過DHCP擷取IP位址。

3:STP-MSTP合理分組,VLAN—混用中繼和混雜模式。

4:内網IP位址基于172.16.0.0/16合理配置設定。

5:ISP Telnet 登入R1的公有IP位址,實際登入到SW1上。

6:正常所有PC均可以通路ISP環回。當随機在SW1和SW2中關閉一台裝置時,PC依然可以正常通路ISP。

配置與思路:

1:劃分IP位址。

R1與R2之間公有位址使用12.1.1.0/24網段,ISP(R2)環回位址為2.2.2.0/24.

内網IP位址:

172.16.0.0/27----R1與SW1之間
    172.16.0.32/27----R1與SW2之間
    
    172.16.0.64/27----VLAN1
    172.16.0.66/27----VLAN1的網關
    
    172.16.0.96/27----VLAN2
    172.16.0.98/27----VLAN2的網關
    
    172.16.0.128/27----VLAN3
    172.16.0.130/27----VLAN3的網關
           

2:配置

1>:在SW1上配置DHCP,并且作為主網關使所有PC可以通過DHCP擷取IP位址

SW1:

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sy	
[Huawei]sysname sw1
[sw1]
[sw1]vlan 2
[sw1-vlan2]quit 
[sw1]vlan 3
[sw1-vlan3]quit 
[sw1]interface Vlanif 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.65 27
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 20
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30
[sw1-Vlanif1]
[sw1-Vlanif1]quit 
[sw1]dhcp enable 
[sw1]ip pool 1
[sw1-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27
[sw1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list  172.16.0.66
[sw1-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw1-ip-pool-1]quit 
[sw1]interface Vlanif 1	
[sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global 
[sw1-Vlanif1]quit 
[sw1]
[sw1]interface Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip add	
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.97 27
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 20
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30
[sw1-Vlanif2]quit 
[sw1]ip pool 2
[sw1-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27
[sw1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list  172.16.0.98
[sw1-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw1-ip-pool-2]quit 
[sw1]
[sw1]interface Vlanif 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]dhcp select global 
[sw1-Vlanif2]quit 
[sw1]interface Vlanif 3
[sw1-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.129 27
[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130
[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 priority 120
[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 preempt-mode timer delay 20
[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30
[sw1-Vlanif3]quit 
[sw1]ip pool 3
[sw1-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27
[sw1-ip-pool-3]gateway-list 172.16.0.130
[sw1-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw1-ip-pool-3]quit 
[sw1]interface Vlanif 3
[sw1-Vlanif3]dhcp select global 
[sw1-Vlanif3]quit 
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4	
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit 
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit 
[sw1]

           

SW3:

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname sw3
[sw3]interface Eth0/0/1
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]quit 
[sw3]vlan 2
[sw3-vlan2]quit 
[sw3]vlan 3
[sw3-vlan3]quit 
[sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/5
[sw3-port-group]port link-type access 
[sw3-port-group]quit 
[sw3]interface Eth0/0/4
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 2
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]quit 
[sw3]interface Eth0/0/5
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]port default vlan 3
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]quit 
[sw3]

           

SW4:

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname sw4
[sw4]interface Eth0/0/1
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]quit 
[sw4]vlan 2
[sw4-vlan2]quit 
[sw4]vlan 3
[sw4-vlan3]quit 
[sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/4
[sw4-port-group]port link-type access 
[sw4-port-group]quit 
[sw4]interface Eth0/0/3
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]quit 
[sw4]interface Eth0/0/4
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 3
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]quit 
[sw4]

           

測試:

PC1:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC2:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC3:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC4:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC5:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

測試得出所有PC将SW1作為網關通過DHCP可以正常擷取IP位址。

2>:在SW2上進行配置,使SW2作為SW2的備份網關。并且SW1與SW2之間的鍊路進行疊加。

SW2:

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname sw2
[sw2]vlan 2
[sw2-vlan2]quit 
[sw2]vlan 3
[sw2-vlan3]quit 
[sw2]interface Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.67 27
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66 
[sw2-Vlanif1]quit 
[sw2]dhcp enable 
[sw2]ip pool 1
[sw2-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27
[sw2-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 172.16.0.66
[sw2-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw2-ip-pool-1]quit 
[sw2]interface Vlanif 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global 
[sw2-Vlanif1]quit 
[sw2]
[sw2]interface Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.99 27
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98
[sw2-Vlanif2]quit 
[sw2]ip pool 2
[sw2-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27
[sw2-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 172.16.0.98
[sw2-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw2-ip-pool-2]quit 
[sw2]interface Vlanif 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global 
[sw2-Vlanif2]quit 
[sw2]
[sw2]interface Vlanif 3
[sw2-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.131 27
[sw2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130
[sw2-Vlanif3]quit 
[sw2]ip pool 3
[sw2-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27
[sw2-ip-pool-3]gateway-list  172.16.0.130
[sw2-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[sw2-ip-pool-3]quit 
[sw2]interface Vlanif 3
[sw2-Vlanif3]dhcp select global 
[sw2-Vlanif3]quit 
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit 
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit 

           

SW4:

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/2
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]quit
           

SW3:

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/2	
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]quit 
           

鍊路疊加:

鍊路疊加的要求:

1、通道的對端必須為同一台裝置;

2、通道的所有實體接口應該具有相同的速率、雙工模式;相同的類型,相同的vlan允許清單;

SW1:

[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit 
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit 
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit 
[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid 
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit 
           

SW2:

[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit 
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2	
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit 
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit 
[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid 
[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3
[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit 

           

3>:配置MSTP,VLAN1劃入組1,VLAN2、3劃入組2,且主根為SW1,備份根為SW2。

SW1:

[sw1]stp mode mstp 
[sw1]stp enable 	
[sw1]stp region-configuration 
[sw1-mst-region]region-name a
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration 
[sw1-mst-region]quit 
[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary 
[sw1]stp instance 2 root  primary 
           

SW2:

[sw2]stp mode mstp 
[sw2]stp enable 
[sw2]stp region-configuration 
[sw2-mst-region]region-name a
[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3
[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration 
[sw2-mst-region]quit 
[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary 
[sw2]stp instance 2 root secondary
           

SW3:

[sw3]stp mode mstp 
[sw3]stp enable 
[sw3]stp region-configuration 
[sw3-mst-region]region-name a
[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3
[sw3-mst-region]active region-configuration 
[sw3-mst-region]quit 
           

SW4:

[sw4]stp mode mstp 
[sw4]stp enable 
[sw4]stp region-configuration 
[sw4-mst-region]region-name a
[sw4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3
[sw4-mst-region]active region-configuration 
[sw4-mst-region]quit 
           

4>:在SW1和SW2上給實體接口配置IP位址來讓SW1和SW2能與R1進行通路。

注:由于ENSP上的三層交換機在模拟器上不能直接給實體接口配置IP位址(真機可以),是以需要換思路:将需要配置IP位址的接口改為access模式并且劃分到一個VLAN中,然後給該VLAN配置IP位址即可達到相同的效果。

SW1:

[sw1]vlan 10
[sw1-vlan10]quit 
[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit 
[sw1]interface Vlanif 10
[sw1-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.2 27
[sw1-Vlanif10]quit 
           

SW2:

[sw2]vlan 10
[sw2-vlan10]
[sw2-vlan10]quit 
[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit 
[sw2]interface Vlanif 10
[sw2-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.34 27
[sw2-Vlanif10]quit 
           

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.1 27
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit 
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.33 27
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit 
           

測試R1與SW1和SW2實體接口能否正常通路:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構
ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

5>:在R1上配置VLAN1、2、3的靜态路由,下一跳分别為SW1和SW2連接配接R1的實體接口,且下一跳為SW2連接配接R1的接口的路由為備份路由,優先級數值較大。

R1:

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.2
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.2
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.2
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61
           

6>:在R1和R2上配置公網位址,并通過NAT實作所有PC可以通路ISP環回

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit 
[r1]acl 2000
[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit 
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.1.1.2
           

SW1:

[sw1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.1
           

SW2:

[sw2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.33 
           

測試所有PC能否正常通路ISP環回:

PC1:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC2:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC3:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC4:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC5:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

7>:在SW1上開啟telnet服務,并在R1上配置端口映射。

SW1:

[sw1]user-interface vty 0 4
[sw1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password 
[sw1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 15 
[sw1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password simple huawei123
[sw1-ui-vty0-4]quit 
           

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface telnet
 inside 172.16.0.2 telnet 
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
           

在R2上進行測試:

<r2>telnet 12.1.1.1
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 12.1.1.1 ...
  Connected to 12.1.1.1 ...


Login authentication


Password:
Info: The max number of VTY users is 5, and the number
      of current VTY users on line is 1.
      The current login time is 2019-11-14 21:54:52.
<sw1>sy	
<sw1>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[sw1]
[sw1]
           

測試:将SW1裝置關閉,再次測試PC能否正常通路ISP環回。

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC1:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC2:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC3:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC4:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC5:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

3:MSTP測試

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

對于生成樹而言,根網橋為SW1,則為避免環路會阻塞SW4連接配接3号線的端口。PC4、5擷取DHCP是通過SW4連接配接2号線的端口進行擷取的(主網關正常的情況下)。此時斷開2号線,測試PC4、5能否正常通路 ISP環回。

SW4:

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/1
[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown 
           

PC4:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

PC5:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構
ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

對于生成樹組1而言,正常情況下會阻塞SW3連接配接2号線的端口(主網關正常),PC1通過SW3連接配接3号線的端口擷取IP位址。将SW3連接配接3号線的端口關閉,再次測試PC1能否正常通路ISP環回。

SW3:

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/1
[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown 
           

PC1:

ENSP實作小型企業網三層架構

至此,ENSP實作企業網三層架構全部完成。但缺點是接入層的PC沒有做線路備援,沒有達到高可靠性。

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