原文位址:http://www.noanylove.com/2014/10/centos-6-5-sheng-ji-python-he-an-zhuang-ipython/
以前用CentOS 5.8的時候,寫過一篇《更新CentOS的Python》。後來換成了CentOS 6.5,系統自帶的Python版本是2.6.6,就懶得折騰。最近安裝IPython,才發現IPython 2.3需要Python 2.7或者大于等于3.3,如圖一所示。隻有更新Python了。
圖一:安裝IPython需求
已經安裝好gcc等編譯工具。系統自帶Python的版本和安裝位置如圖二所示:
圖二:系統自帶Python的安裝資訊
安裝步驟
1、安裝開發庫檔案
編譯Python隻要有gcc編譯器就足夠了,但一些擴充子產品需要額外的庫,否則一些Python子產品将不可用(比如Python的zlib子產品需要zlib-devel,ssl子產品需要openssl-devel)。使用者可以根據需要,選擇性的安裝這些擴充子產品。這裡我們安裝zlib、ssl和sqlite3的庫檔案。
yum install zlib-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel
2、下載下傳Python
目前最新版本為2.7.8。
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.7.8.tgz
3、編譯安裝
為了友善管理,将Python安裝到/usr/local/python路徑下。
cd Python-2.7.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make
make install
4、替換系統自帶Python
安裝後,Python 2.7.8的可執行檔案位于/usr/local/python/bin。先将系統自帶的Python重命名為python2.6,再建立新的Python到/usr/bin目錄下的符号連結。
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6 #其實不要這句也行,加上了預防萬一
ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
再執行
python --version
,可以看到已經是2.7.8版了,如圖三所示。
圖三:成功安裝Python 2.7.8 5、修正yum
現在,系統預設調用Python 2.7.8,執行yum會出現如圖四所示錯誤。
圖四:yum無法執行 解決方法:将/usr/bin/yum檔案開頭的第一行代碼:
修改為:
6、安裝setuptools和pip
玩Python不能沒有setuptools和pip。這裡使用pip提供的安裝腳本,自動安裝setuptools和pip。
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
因為之前更改了Python的安裝目錄,Python擴充子產品的可執行檔案會被安裝到/usr/local/python/bin目錄下。為了能夠直接運作這些檔案,我們要麼建立到/usr/bin目錄下的符号連結,要麼将/usr/local/python/bin目錄添加到PATH環境變量中。為了避免不必要的沖突,這裡采用建立符号連結的方式。
ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install
7、安裝IPython
有了pip,安裝IPython簡直So easy。(同樣将IPython的可執行檔案連結到/usr/bin目錄下)
pip install ipython
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/ipython /usr/bin/ipython
如圖五所示。
圖五:安裝IPython 8、安裝readline擴充子產品
沒有readline支援的IPython弱得沒法用。這裡安裝readline:
yum install readline-devel
yum install patch #相信我,不安裝這個就無法編譯readline
pip install readline
之後,IPython的高亮顯示和代碼補完等功能就可以用了,如圖六所示。當然,現在的IPython隻具備了最基本的功能,還有一些子產品沒有安裝,是以無法使用諸如并行計算、Qt Console、Notebook等功能。不過這不是我們這篇文章要讨論的内容了。以後有時間會寫一篇安裝使用IPython其他子產品和功能的文章。
圖六:安裝好的IPython
參考文檔
- http://blog.csdn.net/handsomekang/article/details/11693899
- https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing.html
- http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/2/install/install.html
補充
第6步以後: # which pip
/usr/local/python3.5.1/bin/pip /usr/local/python3.5.1/bin下的多出了: easy_install、easy_install-3.5
pip、pip3、pip3.5 # ln -sf /usr/local/python3.5.1/bin/easy_install-3.5 /usr/bin/easy_install
第7步的安裝過程顯示: # pip install ipython
Collecting ipython
Downloading ipython-4.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (736kB)
100% |################################| 737kB 11kB/s
Collecting simplegeneric>0.8 (from ipython)
Downloading simplegeneric-0.8.1.zip
Collecting setuptools>=18.5 (from ipython)
Downloading setuptools -21.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (509kB)
100% |################################| 512kB 22kB/s
Collecting traitlets (from ipython)
Downloading traitlets-4.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
100% |################################| 71kB 42kB/s
Collecting pexpect (from ipython)
Downloading pexpect-4.0.1.tar.gz (143kB)
100% |################################| 153kB 7.3kB/s
Collecting decorator (from ipython)
Downloading decorator-4.0.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting backports.shutil-get-terminal-size (from ipython)
Downloading backports.shutil_get_terminal_size-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pickleshare (from ipython)
Downloading pickleshare-0.7.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets->ipython)
Downloading ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ptyprocess>=0.5 (from pexpect->ipython)
Downloading ptyprocess-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: simplegeneric, pexpect
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for simplegeneric ... done
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/7b/31/08/c85e74c84188cbec6a6827beec4d640f2bd78ae003dc1ec09d
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pexpect ... done
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/f2/65/89/09578bcd0efeabc7e2b0079cd62d3955c1477f2e55aa5031a4
Successfully built simplegeneric pexpect
Installing collected packages: simplegeneric, setuptools, ipython-genutils, decorator, traitlets, ptyprocess, pexpect, backports.shutil-get-terminal-size, pickleshare, ipython
Found existing installation: setuptools 18.2
Uninstalling setuptools-18.2:
Successfully uninstalled setuptools-18.2
Successfully installed backports.shutil-get-terminal-size-1.0.0 decorator-4.0.9 ipython-4.2.0 ipython-genutils-0.1.0 pexpect-4.0.1 pickleshare-0.7.2 ptyprocess-0.5.1 setuptools-21.0.0 simplegeneric-0.8.1 traitlets-4.2.1