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JavaSE進階知識學習----多線程JUC進階知識-3

7.Lock同步鎖

解決線程安全問題的方式,使用synchronize隐式鎖,1.同步代碼塊,2.同步方法,3.java5之後使用同步鎖Lock:顯示鎖,也就是說必須通過lock()方法上鎖,通過unlock()方法釋放鎖。

執行個體如下:

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
        new Thread(ticket, "1号視窗").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "2号視窗").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "3号視窗").start();
    }

}

class Ticket implements Runnable {
    private int tick = 100;

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            lock.lock();// 上鎖
            try {
                if (tick > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(200);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                            + "完成售票,餘票為:" + --tick);
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();//釋放鎖,那必須寫在finally中
            }

        }
    }
}
           

使用lock如何實作等待-喚醒機制,執行個體為生産者消費者案例

什麼是虛假喚醒

在生産者和消費者中,生産者向店員提供商品,消費者向店員消費商品,在多個線程中同時生産和消費,就會出現一種情況就是不停的顯示缺貨,為了解決這個問題就是,如果店員沒有商品,那麼消費者消費的線程就等待,否則就喚醒,同理,生産者發現店員商品已滿就等待生産,否則就喚醒生産,虛假喚醒就是一些obj.wait()會在除了obj.notify()和obj.notifyAll()的其他情況被喚醒,而此時是不應該喚醒的。以下是一種解決辦法:

public class TestProductorAndCosumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clerk clerk = new Clerk();

        Productor productor = new Productor(clerk);
        Customer customer = new Customer(clerk);

        new Thread(productor,"生産者 A").start();
        new Thread(customer,"消費者 B").start();

        new Thread(productor,"生産者 C").start();
        new Thread(customer,"消費者 D").start();
    }
} 
//店員
class Clerk{
    private int product = 0;

    //進貨
    public synchronized void get(){
        while(product >= 1){// 為了避免虛假喚醒的問題,應該使用在循環中
            System.out.println("産品已滿!!");
            try {
                this.wait();//産品已滿,等待消費者的通知
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ ++product);
            this.notifyAll();

    }
    //賣貨
    public synchronized void sale(){
        while(product <= 0){
            System.out.println("缺貨!!");
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ --product);
            this.notifyAll();

    }
}
//生産者
class Productor implements Runnable{
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Productor(Clerk clerk){
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            clerk.get();//20個員工不斷生産商品給店員
        }
    }
}
//消費者
class Customer implements Runnable{
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Customer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            clerk.sale();
        }
    }
}
           

結果如下:

缺貨!!
缺貨!!
生産者 A : 1
消費者 D : 0
缺貨!!
缺貨!!
生産者 C : 1
消費者 B : 0
缺貨!!
缺貨!!
生産者 A : 1
消費者 D : 0
缺貨!!
缺貨!!
生産者 C : 1
消費者 B : 0
缺貨!!
缺貨!!
生産者 A : 1
消費者 D : 0
缺貨!!
生産者 C : 1
消費者 B : 0
           

解決辦法之二:使用Lock鎖

public class TestProductorAndCosumerforLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clerk clerk = new Clerk();

        Productor productor = new Productor(clerk);
        Customer customer = new Customer(clerk);

        new Thread(productor,"生産者 A").start();
        new Thread(customer,"消費者 B").start();

        new Thread(productor,"生産者 C").start();
        new Thread(customer,"消費者 D").start();
    }
} 
//店員
class Clerk{
    private int product = 0;
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    //進貨
    public void get(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(product >= 1){// 為了避免虛假喚醒的問題,應該使用在循環中
                System.out.println("産品已滿!!");
                try {
                    condition.await();//産品已滿,等待消費者的通知
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ ++product);
                condition.signalAll();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
    //賣貨
    public  void sale(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(product <= 0){
                System.out.println("缺貨!!");
                try {
                    condition.await();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                }
            }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ --product);
                condition.signalAll();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }


    }
}
//生産者
class Productor implements Runnable{
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Productor(Clerk clerk){
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            clerk.get();//20個員工不斷生産商品給店員
        }
    }
}
//消費者
class Customer implements Runnable{
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Customer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            clerk.sale();
        }
    }
}
           

注意上述代碼中改動的地方有很多,使用了接下來要說的Condition控制線程通信

8.Condition控制線程通信

在上述代碼中也使用了Condition控制線程通信,Condition接口描述了可能會與鎖有關聯的條件變量,在Condition對象中與wait、notify、notifyAll方法分别對應的是await、signal、signalAll。

一個面試題

編寫一個程式,開啟三個線程,這三個線程的ID分别為A、B、C,每一個線程将自己的ID列印10遍,輸出結果為

ABBCCCABBCCC….依次遞歸

public class TestABC {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final AlternateDemo ad = new AlternateDemo();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                    ad.loopA(i);
                }

            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                    ad.loopB(i);
                }

            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                    ad.loopC(i);
                    System.out.println("================一輪結束==================");
                }

            }
        },"C").start();
    }

}
class AlternateDemo{
    private int number = 1;// 目前正在執行線程的标記
    private Lock  lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();

    public void loopA(int totalLoop){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if(number != 1){
                condition1.await();
            }
            //列印
            for(int i = 1; i <= 1; i++){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
            }
            //喚醒别人
            number = 2;
            condition2.signal();//隻喚醒線程B
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void loopB(int totalLoop){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if(number != 2){
                condition2.await();
            }
            //列印
            for(int i = 1; i <= 2; i++){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
            }
            //喚醒别人
            number = 3;
            condition3.signal();//隻喚醒線程C
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void loopC(int totalLoop){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if(number != 3){
                condition3.await();
            }
            //列印
            for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
            }
            //喚醒别人
            number = 1;
            condition1.signal();//隻喚醒線程A
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
           

14.ForkJoinPool分支/合并架構