hibernate是什麼就不說了 這裡就說怎麼用吧
一、首先建工程，然後導入以下幾個基本包（1是hibernate基本包，2是hibernate-annotation包，3是mysql資料庫包）：
1： hibernate3.jar (hibernate3的核心包)
antlr-2.7.6.jar (語言轉換工,Hibernate利用它實作 HQL 到 SQL的轉換)
commons-collections-3.1.jar (Apache Commons 包中的一個，包含了一些Apache開發的集合類，功能比java.utils.*功能強大，必須使用的jar)
dom4j-1.6.1.jar (dom4j是一個java的 XML API，類似于jdom，用來讀寫xml檔案，這是必須的jar，Hibernate用它來讀寫配置檔案，必須使用的jar)
javassist-3.9.0.GA.jar (語言轉換工,Hibernate利用它實作 HQL 到 SQL的轉換)
jta-1.1.jar (java Transaction API (JTA) 規範的包，是指定事務和事務處理和分布式事務處理系統之間的标準，JAVA接口，包括資源管理，應用服務，和事務應用程式。)
slf4j-api-1.5.8.jar 各種日志的接口
slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar 使用slf4j對log4j日志的實作，也可以使用别的，替換了這個就行
log4j-1.2.14.jar log4j日志包
2. hibernate與annotation結合的包（如果用XML配置的話可以不用加）：
ejb3-persistence.jar
hibernate-annotations.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
3. mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar （連結mysql的驅動包）
二、在mysql資料庫裡建立資料庫表
create database hibernate;
use hibernate;
create table student(id int,name varchar(20),age int);
三、建立Model（student）對象類
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
四、接下來就是比較重要的hibernate配置檔案了：
1.在src目錄下（這是預設路徑）建立hibernate.cfg.xml
2.從hibernate的文檔裡找到以下預設配置并粘貼
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings 資料源配置-->
<property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
<property name="connection.username">sa</property>
<property name="connection.password"></property>
<!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) 連接配接池 hibernate自帶的連接配接池一般不用 項目開發中經常用到的是application server本身用JNDI注冊在裡面的連接配接池-->
<property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
<!-- SQL dialect 資料庫方言 有Oracle方言 mysql方言 sql_server方言等等 比如mysql分頁用的是limit oracle分頁用的是三層嵌套-->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management 事務管理 預設是thread（局部事務） 還可以用全局事務jta一般在多個不同資料庫操作才用到-->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- Disable the second-level cache 二級緩存-->
<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout 列印sql語句出來-->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup hibernate自動生成建表語句-->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<mapping resource="org/hibernate/tutorial/domain/Event.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration><pre name="code" class="html">
3.更改配置資訊如下：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- SQL dialect 方言-->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<mapping resource="com/wy/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
4.在student同目錄下建立Student.hbm.xml配置檔案：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.wy.model">
<class name="Student" table="student" dynamic-update="true">
<id name="id" column="id">
</id>
<property name="name" />
<property name="age" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
5.在src目錄下建立log4j.properties日志配置檔案：
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
### log HQL query parser activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql.ast.AST=debug
### log just the SQL
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
### log JDBC bind parameters ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=debug
### log schema export/update ###
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug
### log HQL parse trees
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql=debug
### log cache activity ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug
### log transaction activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.transaction=debug
### log JDBC resource acquisition
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.jdbc=debug
### enable the following line if you want to track down connection ###
### leakages when using DriverManagerConnectionProvider ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider=trace
五、測試
1.建立測試類test，注意包别導錯了：
package com.wy.common;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.wy.model.*;
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s=new Student();
s.setId(1);
s.setName("wy");
s.setAge(24);
Configuration cfg=new Configuration();//擷取hibernate配置資訊,預設在src下找hibernate.cfg.xml
SessionFactory sf=cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();//建構session工廠（線程安全，資源占用大）
Session session=sf.openSession();//産生一個session（線程不安全，占用資源少）
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//openSession永遠産生一個新的session；getCurrentSession()如果上下文有則使用原有的session,沒有的話再産生一個新的session;
session.beginTransaction();//開啟事務管理
session.save(s);//存入記憶體
session.getTransaction().commit();//同步資料庫，持久化（也就是存入資料庫）
session.close();//關閉session
sf.close();//關閉session工廠
}
}
2.run as JAVA APPLICATION 成功;
10:09:14,959 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:155 - Running hbm2ddl schema update
10:09:14,961 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:167 - fetching database metadata
10:09:14,962 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:179 - updating schema
10:09:14,982 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.student
10:09:14,982 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, age, name]
10:09:14,982 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:09:14,982 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: []
10:09:14,983 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:217 - schema update complete
Hibernate: insert into student (name, age, id) values (?, ?, ?)
六、現在使用annotation配置：
1.建立model(Teacher)類：
package com.wy.model;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
private String title;
@Id
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
}
需要注意的是@Entity 是實體類 ，@Id是主鍵
2.在hibernate.cfg.xml配置檔案裡加上類的引入：
<mapping class="com.wy.model.Teacher"/>
注意：teacher類用的是annotation，用了annotation就不用Teacher.cfg.xml；student用的XML配置用以下，注意差別
<mapping resource="com/wzy/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
3.建立資料庫teacher表：
create table teacher（id int，name varcher(20),title varcher(20));
4.建立測試類：
package com.wy.common;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.wy.model.*;
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Teacher s=new Teacher();
s.setId(4);
s.setName("wy");
s.setTitle("中級");
Configuration cfg=new AnnotationConfiguration();
SessionFactory sf=cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
Session session=sf.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(s);
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
sf.close();
}
}
注意：new的是AnnotationConfiguration()；
5.run as JAVA APPLICATION 成功;
10:46:40,137 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:155 - Running hbm2ddl schema update
10:46:40,138 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:167 - fetching database metadata
10:46:40,139 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:179 - updating schema
10:46:40,158 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.teacher
10:46:40,158 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, title, name]
10:46:40,158 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:46:40,158 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: []
10:46:40,171 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.student
10:46:40,172 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, age, name]
10:46:40,172 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:46:40,172 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: [primary]
10:46:40,173 INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:217 - schema update complete
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name, title, id) values (?, ?, ?)
