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python的argparse子產品的使用

一、簡介:

argparse是python用于解析指令行參數和選項的标準子產品,用于代替已經過時的optparse子產品。argparse子產品的作用是用于解析指令行參數,例如python parseTest.py input.txt output.txt --user=name --port=8080。

二、使用步驟:

1:import argparse

2:parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

3:parser.add_argument()

4:parser.parse_args()

解釋:首先導入該子產品;然後建立一個解析對象;然後向該對象中添加你要關注的指令行參數和選項,每一個add_argument方法對應一個你要關注的參數或選項;最後調用parse_args()方法進行解析;解析成功之後即可使用,下面簡單說明一下步驟2和3。

三、方法ArgumentParser(prog=None, usage=None,description=None, epilog=None, parents=[],formatter_class=argparse.HelpFormatter, prefix_chars='-',fromfile_prefix_chars=None, argument_default=None,conflict_handler='error', add_help=True)

這些參數都有預設值,當調用parser.print_help()或者運作程式時由于參數不正确(此時python解釋器其實也是調用了pring_help()方法)時,會列印這些描述資訊,一般隻需要傳遞description參數,如上。

四、方法add_argument(name or flags...[, action][, nargs][, const][, default][, type][, choices][, required][, help][, metavar][, dest])

其中:

name or flags:指令行參數名或者選項,如上面的address或者-p,--port.其中指令行參數如果沒給定,且沒有設定defualt,則出錯。但是如果是選項的話,則設定為None

nargs:指令行參數的個數,一般使用通配符表示,其中,'?'表示隻用一個,'*'表示0到多個,'+'表示至少一個

default:預設值

type:參數的類型,預設是字元串string類型,還有float、int等類型

help:和ArgumentParser方法中的參數作用相似,出現的場合也一緻

最常用的地方就是這些,其他的可以參考官方文檔。下面給出一個例子,基本包括了常見的情形:

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import

argparse

def parse_args():

description = usage: %prog [options] poetry-file

This is the Slow Poetry Server, blocking edition.

Run it like

this

:

python slowpoetry.py <path-to-poetry-file>

If you are in the base directory of the twisted-intro

package

,

you could run it like

this

:

python blocking-server/slowpoetry.py poetry/ecstasy.txt

to serve up John Donne's Ecstasy, which I know you want to

do

.

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = description)

help = The addresses to connect.

parser.add_argument(

'addresses'

,nargs =

'*'

,help = help)

help = The filename to operate on.Default is poetry/ecstasy.txt

parser.add_argument(

'filename'

,help=help)

help = The port to listen on. Default to a random available port.

parser.add_argument(

'-p'

,--port', type=

int

, help=help)

help = The

interface

to listen on. Default is localhost.

parser.add_argument(

'--iface'

, help=help,

default

=

'localhost'

)

help = The number of seconds between sending bytes.

parser.add_argument(

'--delay'

, type=

float

, help=help,

default

=.

7

)

help = The number of bytes to send at a time.

parser.add_argument(

'--bytes'

, type=

int

, help=help,

default

=

10

)

args = parser.parse_args();

return

args

if

__name__ ==

'__main__'

:

args = parse_args()

for

address in args.addresses:

print

'The address is : %s .'

% address

print

'The filename is : %s .'

% args.filename

print

'The port is : %d.'

% args.port

print

'The interface is : %s.'

% args.iface

print

'The number of seconds between sending bytes : %f'

% args.delay

print

'The number of bytes to send at a time : %d.'

% args.bytes</path-to-poetry-file>

運作該腳本:python test.py --port 10000 --delay 1.2 127.0.0.1 172.16.55.67 poetry/ecstasy.txt

輸出為:

The address is : 127.0.0.1 .

The address is : 172.16.55.67 .

The filename is : poetry/ecstasy.txt .

The port is : 10000.

The interface is : localhost.

The number of seconds between sending bytes : 1.200000

The number of bytes to send at a time : 10.