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Consul入門Consul簡介Consul的安裝Consul運作與配置服務注冊

Consul簡介

Consul有多個元件，但總體而言，它是基礎架構中的一款服務發現和配置的工具。 它提供了幾個關鍵功能：

  • 服務發現：Consul client 可以提供服務，例如api或mysql，也可以使用Consul client來發現指定服務的提供者。 使用DNS或HTTP，應用程式可以輕松找到他們所依賴的服務。
  • 健康檢查：Consul client 可以提供任何數量的健康檢查，或者與給定的服務（“Web伺服器是否傳回200 OK”），或與本地節點（“記憶體使用率是否低于90％”）相關聯。 可以使用此資訊來監控叢集運作狀況，服務發現元件使用此資訊将流量從有問題的主機中移除出去。
  • KV Store：應用程式可以使用Consul的分層鍵/值存儲，包括動态配置，功能标記，協調，leader選舉等等。 簡單的HTTP API使其易于使用。

  • 多資料中心：Consul支援多個資料中心。 這意味着Consul的使用者不必擔心建構額外的抽象層以擴充到多個區域。

    　　Consul旨在對DevOps社群和應用程式開發人員友好，使其成為現代化，彈性基礎架構的完美選擇。

Consul的安裝

打開官網的下載下傳位址

Consul入門Consul簡介Consul的安裝Consul運作與配置服務注冊

選擇對應的版本進行下載下傳。本文是再Windows環境下的安裝與配置。

下載下傳完成後解壓會得到一個exe檔案。 将這個exe檔案放在

C:\Windows\system32

這個目錄下面然後打開cmd。

輸入consul檢擦是否安裝完成。

PS C:\Windows\system32> consul
Usage: consul [--version] [--help] <command> [<args>]

Available commands are:
    acl            Interact with Consul's ACLs
    agent          Runs a Consul agent
    catalog        Interact with the catalog
    config         Interact with Consul's Centralized Configurations
    connect        Interact with Consul Connect
    debug          Records a debugging archive for operators
    event          Fire a new event
    exec           Executes a command on Consul nodes
    force-leave    Forces a member of the cluster to enter the "left" state
    info           Provides debugging information for operators.
    intention      Interact with Connect service intentions
    join           Tell Consul agent to join cluster
    keygen         Generates a new encryption key
    keyring        Manages gossip layer encryption keys
    kv             Interact with the key-value store
    leave          Gracefully leaves the Consul cluster and shuts down
    lock           Execute a command holding a lock
    login          Login to Consul using an auth method
    logout         Destroy a Consul token created with login
    maint          Controls node or service maintenance mode
    members        Lists the members of a Consul cluster
    monitor        Stream logs from a Consul agent
    operator       Provides cluster-level tools for Consul operators
    reload         Triggers the agent to reload configuration files
    rtt            Estimates network round trip time between nodes
    services       Interact with services
    snapshot       Saves, restores and inspects snapshots of Consul server state
    tls            Builtin helpers for creating CAs and certificates
    validate       Validate config files/directories
    version        Prints the Consul version
    watch          Watch for changes in Consul

這樣就表示安裝成功了。

Consul運作與配置

輸入consul agent -dev

PS C:\Windows\system32> consul agent -dev
==> Starting Consul agent...
==> Consul agent running!
           Version: 'v1.5.1'
           Node ID: '262ed46b-3d26-8907-3ce9-b094d1eeca7e'
         Node name: 'DESKTOP-FERRARI'
        Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '<all>')
            Server: true (Bootstrap: false)
       Client Addr: [127.0.0.1] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, gRPC: 8502, DNS: 8600)
      Cluster Addr: 127.0.0.1 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302)
           Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false

==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs:

    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] agent: Using random ID "262ed46b-3d26-8907-3ce9-b094d1eeca7e" as node ID
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] tlsutil: Update with version 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] tlsutil: OutgoingRPCWrapper with version 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] tlsutil: IncomingRPCConfig with version 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] tlsutil: OutgoingRPCWrapper with version 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] raft: Initial configuration (index=1): [{Suffrage:Voter ID:262ed46b-3d26-8907-3ce9-b094d1eeca7e Address:127.0.0.1:8300}]
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] raft: Node at 127.0.0.1:8300 [Follower] entering Follower state (Leader: "")
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: DESKTOP-FERRARI.dc1 127.0.0.1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: DESKTOP-FERRARI 127.0.0.1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] consul: Adding LAN server DESKTOP-FERRARI (Addr: tcp/127.0.0.1:8300) (DC: dc1)
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] consul: Handled member-join event for server "DESKTOP-FERRARI.dc1" in area "wan"
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] agent/proxy: managed Connect proxy manager started
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (tcp)
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (udp)
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8500 (tcp)
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: started state syncer
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: Started gRPC server on 127.0.0.1:8502 (tcp)
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [WARN] raft: Heartbeat timeout from "" reached, starting election
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] raft: Node at 127.0.0.1:8300 [Candidate] entering Candidate state in term 2
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] raft: Votes needed: 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] raft: Vote granted from 262ed46b-3d26-8907-3ce9-b094d1eeca7e in term 2. Tally: 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] raft: Election won. Tally: 1
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] raft: Node at 127.0.0.1:8300 [Leader] entering Leader state
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] consul: cluster leadership acquired
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] consul: New leader elected: DESKTOP-FERRARI
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] connect: initialized primary datacenter CA with provider "consul"
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] consul: Skipping self join check for "DESKTOP-FERRARI" since the cluster is too small
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] consul: member 'DESKTOP-FERRARI' joined, marking health alive
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] agent: Skipping remote check "serfHealth" since it is managed automatically
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [INFO] agent: Synced node info
    2019/07/03 11:44:04 [DEBUG] agent: Node info in sync
    2019/07/03 11:44:05 [DEBUG] agent: Skipping remote check "serfHealth" since it is managed automatically
    2019/07/03 11:44:05 [DEBUG] agent: Node info in sync

出現這樣表示運作成功了。

打開

http://127.0.0.1:8500/ui/dc1/services

檢視consul的運作狀态。

Consul入門Consul簡介Consul的安裝Consul運作與配置服務注冊

服務注冊

建立consul.d的配置檔案夾

mkdir ./consul.d

建立一個服務的.json的配置檔案。

echo '{"service": {"name": "web", "tags": ["rails"], "port": 80}}' > ./consul.d/web.json

重新開機agent

consul agent -dev -config-dir=./consul.d

==> Starting Consul agent...
...
    [INFO] agent: Synced service 'web'
...

DNS API 

dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;web.service.consul.        IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
web.service.consul. 0   IN  A   127.0.0.1

再用SRV的方式檢查一下

C:\Windows\system32>dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul SRV

; <<>> DiG 9.9.7 <<>> @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul SRV
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 63393
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 3
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;web.service.consul.            IN      SRV

;; ANSWER SECTION:
web.service.consul.     0       IN      SRV     1 1 80 DESKTOP-FERRARI.node.dc1.consul.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
DESKTOP-FERRARI.node.dc1.consul. 0 IN   A       127.0.0.1
DESKTOP-FERRARI.node.dc1.consul. 0 IN   TXT     "consul-network-segment="

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#8600(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Jul 03 14:14:49 ?D1ú±ê×?ê±?? 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 150

可以看到他說已經在一台電腦上注冊了這個DNS.

我們還可以使用域名過濾的方式在注冊一個

dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 rails.web.service.consul

; <<>> DiG 9.9.7 <<>> @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 rails.web.service.consul
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 22904
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rails.web.service.consul.      IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
rails.web.service.consul. 0     IN      A       127.0.0.1

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
rails.web.service.consul. 0     IN      TXT     "consul-network-segment="

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#8600(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Jul 03 14:16:52 ?D1ú±ê×?ê±?? 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 105

再用 HTTP API來檢視服務

curl http://localhost:8500/v1/catalog/service/web
[
    {
        "ID": "b9896ed0-77f7-6f47-05d0-a76c32bd592d",
        "Node": "DESKTOP-FERRARI",
        "Address": "127.0.0.1",
        "Datacenter": "dc1",
        "TaggedAddresses": {
            "lan": "127.0.0.1",
            "wan": "127.0.0.1"
        },
        "NodeMeta": {
            "consul-network-segment": ""
        },
        "ServiceKind": "",
        "ServiceID": "web",
        "ServiceName": "web",
        "ServiceTags": [
            "rails"
        ],
        "ServiceAddress": "",
        "ServiceWeights": {
            "Passing": 1,
            "Warning": 1
        },
        "ServiceMeta": {},
        "ServicePort": 80,
        "ServiceEnableTagOverride": false,
        "ServiceProxyDestination": "",
        "ServiceProxy": {},
        "ServiceConnect": {},
        "CreateIndex": 10,
        "ModifyIndex": 10
    }
]

Consul 健康監測

建立兩個檢測的檔案

echo '{"check": {"name": "ping", "args": ["ping", "-c1", "google.com"], "interval": "30s"}}' >./consul.d/ping.json

echo '{"service": {"name": "web", "tags": ["rails"], "port": 80, "check": {"args": ["curl", "localhost"], "interval": "10s"}}}' >./consul.d/web.json

重新開機一下consul agent

consul agent -dev -config-dir ./consul.d  -enable-script-checks=true

現在來檢查一下

curl http://localhost:8500/v1/health/state/critical



StatusCode        : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content           : [
                        {
                            "Node": "DESKTOP-FERRARI",
                            "CheckID": "service:web",
                            "Name": "Service 'web' check",
                            "Status": "critical",
                            "Notes": "",
                            "Output": "  % Total    %...
RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                    Vary: Accept-Encoding
                    X-Consul-Effective-Consistency: leader
                    X-Consul-Index: 28
                    X-Consul-Knownleader: true
                    X-Consul-Lastcontact: 0
                    Content-Length: 786
                    Content-Type: application/...
Forms             : {}
Headers           : {[Vary, Accept-Encoding], [X-Consul-Effective-Consistency, leader], [X-Consul-Index, 28], [X-Consul
                    -Knownleader, true]...}
Images            : {}
InputFields       : {}
Links             : {}
ParsedHtml        : mshtml.HTMLDocumentClass
RawContentLength  : 786
consul 服務注冊
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