linux環境下安裝python 3

說明：

　　在linux環境下，都預設安裝python 2的環境，由于python3在python2的基礎上更新較大，是以安裝python 3環境用于使用最新的python 3的文法。

安裝過程：

1.下載下傳，上傳python 3源碼包至伺服器

2.解壓縮python 3壓縮包

[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
kibana-6.7.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7.4.tgz  zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz
[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ tar -zxf Python-3.7.4.tgz 
[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
kibana-6.7.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7.4  Python-3.7.4.tgz  zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz      

3.執行配置檢查，配置安裝路徑

[aiprd@hadoop3 Python-3.7.4]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.4
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for python3.7... no
checking for python3... no
checking for python... python
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details      

配置檢查報錯，沒有C編譯環境。

4.安裝gcc軟體包

yum install gcc

5.再次執行配置檢查，檢查通過

6.編譯，安裝

make && make install      

再次報錯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 204, in _main
    default_pip=args.default_pip,
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 117, in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 27, in _run_pip
    import pip._internal
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1      

安裝zlib-devel軟體包

yum install zlib-devel      

7.再次編譯，安裝，報下面的錯誤

import pip._internal
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/__init__.py", line 40, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py", line 8, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py", line 12, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 20, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/download.py", line 37, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
make: *** [install] Error 1      

安裝libffi-devel軟體包

[root@hadoop3 Packages]# yum install libffi-devel -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
No package libffi-devel available.
Error: Nothing to do      

但是，發現ISO鏡像中，沒有該軟體包

下載下傳libffi-devel的RPM包，進行安裝，下載下傳位址：http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/6.10/os/x86_64/Packages/libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@hadoop3 ~]# ls -l
total 40
-rw-------. 1 root root  1031 Feb 19  2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10475 Feb 19  2019 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3161 Feb 19  2019 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 18000 Aug 26 14:56 libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@hadoop3 ~]# rpm -ivh libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libffi-devel           ########################################### [100%]      

再次進行編譯，安裝

make clean   #此處，需要先make clean,然後重新configure，否則即使libffi-devel軟體包已經安裝，仍然會報錯。
./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.4
make && make install      

Looking in links: /tmp/tmpr5iivfh5
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0      

8.檢視python版本

[aiprd@hadoop3 python-3.7.4]$ bin/python3 --version
Python 3.7.4      

安裝完成。

文檔建立時間：2019年8月26日15:03:40

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