zabbix進行資料庫備份以及表分區

由于測試環境上面使用的zabbix伺服器配置比較低，經常會遇到性能瓶頸（主要是資料庫和磁盤I/O等），于是倒逼我使用了一些方式來緩解這些問題。

主要是以前使用的那個備份資料庫的腳本是對zabbix資料庫進行全備的，使用的又是mysql自帶的工具mysqldump，當資料量大了之後進行全備所花的時間比較長，這樣将會造成資料庫的鎖讀。。。進而使zabbix服務以為mysql死掉了，産生一大堆的報警。

後來發現原來造成資料庫資料量大量增加的是zabbix資料庫中的一些存儲資料的大表導緻的。于是備份資料庫的時候可以選擇跳過這些表進行備份，這樣，将大大減少資料庫備份所花的時間（PS：之前備份資料庫所花時間在十分鐘左右，現在跳過大表備份，所花時間在1S左右就能備份完，大大縮短了備份資料庫時間）。

下面就貼出某位大神寫的專門為zabbix資料庫做備份以及恢複的腳本：

#!/bin/bash

#author: itnihao

red='\e[0;31m' # 紅色

RED='\e[1;31m'

green='\e[0;32m' # 綠色

GREEN='\e[1;32m'

blue='\e[0;34m' # 藍色

BLUE='\e[1;34m'

purple='\e[0;35m' # 紫色

PURPLE='\e[1;35m'

NC='\e[0m' # 沒有顔色

source /etc/bashrc

source /etc/profile

MySQL_USER=zabbix

MySQL_PASSWORD=zabbix

MySQL_HOST=localhost

MySQL_PORT=3306

MySQL_DUMP_PATH=/opt/backup

MYSQL_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql

MYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysqldump

MySQL_DATABASE_NAME=zabbix

DATE=$(date '+%Y%m%d')

MySQLDUMP () {

[ -d ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} ] || mkdir ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}

cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}

[ -d logs ] || mkdir logs

[ -d ${DATE} ] || mkdir ${DATE}

cd ${DATE}

#TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix)")

TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix|history*|trends*|acknowledges|alerts|auditlog|events|service_alarms)")

for TABLE_NAME in ${TABLE_NAME_ALL}

${MYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH} --opt -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -P${MySQL_PORT} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} ${TABLE_NAME} >${TABLE_NAME}.sql

sleep 0.01

done

[ "$?" == 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log

[ "$?" != 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix not succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log

cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/

rm -rf $(date +%Y%m%d --date='5 days ago')

exit 0

}

MySQLImport () {

DATE=$(ls ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} |egrep "\b^[0-9]+$\b")

echo -e "${green}${DATE}"

echo -e "${blue}what DATE do you want to import,please input date:${NC}"

read SELECT_DATE

if [ -d "${SELECT_DATE}" ];then

echo -e "you select is ${green}${SELECT_DATE}${NC}, do you want to contine,if,input ${red}(yes|y|Y)${NC},else then exit"

read Input

[[ 'yes|y|Y' =~ "${Input}" ]]

status="$?"

if [ "${status}" == "0" ];then

echo "now import SQL....... Please wait......."

else

exit 1

cd ${SELECT_DATE}

for PER_TABEL_SQL in $(ls *.sql)

${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} < ${PER_TABEL_SQL}

echo -e "import ${PER_TABEL_SQL} ${PURPLE}........................${NC}"

done

echo "Finish import SQL,Please check Zabbix database"

else

echo "Don't exist ${SELECT_DATE} DIR"

case "$1" in

MySQLDUMP|mysqldump)

MySQLDUMP

;;

MySQLImport|mysqlimport)

MySQLImport

echo "Usage: $0 {(MySQLDUMP|mysqldump) (MySQLImport|mysqlimport)}"

esac

該腳本源出處在這https://github.com/itnihao/zabbix-book/blob/master/03-chapter/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh

我這是在大神的腳本上做了修改之後形成的适合我自己備份的腳本，各位也可以自行修改成适合自己的備份腳本。這個腳本實作的效果上面已經說了，之前做全備的時候差不多有4G左右的資料量，現在隻備份配置檔案資料量隻有不到10M，果斷大大節省時間以及空間呀。

不過這樣的話将無法保證資料的備份，我目前考慮使用xtradbbackup對資料進行增量備份，目前還未實作，留待過兩天做吧。

好了，關于資料庫備份的事情搞了，然後還需要對大資料量的表進行表分區，參考了zabbix官網的一篇文章https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition 各位有興趣的話可以去看看，我這裡将其總結在了一起，更加友善一點。

表分區可以對大資料量的表進行實體上的拆分成多個檔案，但是邏輯上來看，還是一張表，對應用程式是透明的。另外，将這一張大表拆分成很多小表的話将使得資料查詢速度能夠更快。還可以随時删除舊的資料分區，删除過期資料。這種方式适用于大資料量的表，但是查詢量比較少的應用場景。如果是大資料量的表，又有大量查詢的話建議還是進行分庫分表操作。

好了，不多扯了，開始作業了。

首先，登入資料庫(PS:這個就不示範了)

然後登陸到zabbix庫中修改兩張表的結構：

use zabbix;

Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);

Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

修改完之後再按照官網上的過程建立四個存儲過程：

DELIMITER $$

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)

BEGIN

SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes

TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete

PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create

Verify that the partition does not already exist

DECLARE RETROWS INT;

SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS

FROM information_schema.partitions

WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

IF RETROWS = 0 THEN

1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.

2. Create the SQL to create the partition.

3. Execute the SQL from #2.

SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;

SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );

PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;

EXECUTE STMT;

DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

END IF;

END

$$DELIMITER ;

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)

DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;

DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date

in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with

a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.

DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR

SELECT partition_name

FROM information_schema.partitions

WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create

@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that

should be deleted.

SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");

SET @drop_partitions = "";

Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.

OPEN myCursor;

read_loop: LOOP

FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;

IF done THEN

LEAVE read_loop;

END IF;

SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));

END LOOP;

IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN

1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.

2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.

3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.

SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");

PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;

SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;

ELSE

No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate

that no changes were made.

SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)

DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);

DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);

DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;

DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);

SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

SET @__interval = 1;

create_loop: LOOP

IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN

LEAVE create_loop;

SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);

SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);

SET @__interval=@__interval+1;

SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');

CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))

DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);

DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.

WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;

* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table

IF RETROWS = 1 THEN

* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.

* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition

* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could

* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").

SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));

SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

-- Create the partitioning query

SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");

SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");

-- Run the partitioning query

PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;

上面四個存儲過程執行後将可以使用

CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)

指令對想要分區的表進行表分區了。其中的參數我這裡解釋一下。

這是舉例：

CALL partition_maintenance(zabbix, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);

zabbix_db_name：庫名

table_name：表名

days_to_keep_data：儲存多少天的資料

hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一個分區

num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少個分區

這個例子就是history_uint表最多儲存31天的資料，每隔24小時生成一個分區，這次一共生成14個分區

這裡可以将上面四個存儲過程儲存為一個檔案，導入到資料庫中，檔案我稍後将會放在附件中，這裡使用的指令是：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_call.sql

然後可以将CALL統一調用也做成一個檔案，統一調用的内容如下：

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 180, 24, 14);

CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 180, 24, 14);

也将該檔案導入到資料庫中，使用指令：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_all.sql

好了，到了這裡之後就可以使用如下指令執行表分區了：

mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

+----------------+--------------------+

| table | partitions_deleted |

| zabbix.history | N/A |

+--------------------+--------------------+

| table | partitions_deleted |

| zabbix.history_log | N/A |

| zabbix.history_str | N/A |

+---------------------+--------------------+

| table | partitions_deleted |

| zabbix.history_text | N/A |

| zabbix.history_uint | N/A |

+---------------+--------------------+

| table | partitions_deleted |

| zabbix.trends | N/A |

| zabbix.trends_uint | N/A |

看到如下結果證明所有7張表都進行了表分區，也可以在Mysql的數data目錄下看到新生成的表分區檔案。（PS:注意，最好是清空history_uint表的資料之後再執行上面這條指令，否則因為這張表資料量太大，轉換時間将會好長，清空表中資料的指令為： truncate table history_uint;）

好了，這樣可以進行表分區了。

将上面這條指令寫入到計劃任務中如下：

crontab -l|tail -1

01 01 * * * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

每天晚上的1點01執行一次。還有之前寫的備份資料庫的腳本也需要執行計劃任務每天的淩晨0點01執行備份：

crontab -l|tail -2|head -1

01 00 * * * /usr/local/scripts/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh mysqldump

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