〖Python〗-- Django的Form元件
【Django的Form元件】
Django的Form主要具有一下幾大功能：
- 生成HTML标簽
- 驗證使用者資料（顯示錯誤資訊）
- HTML Form送出保留上次送出資料
- 初始化頁面顯示内容
Form類的使用：
1、定義規則：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
class xxx(Form):
xx = fields.CharField(max_lenghth=,min_lenghth=,required=True,error_message=) 2、使用：
obj = xxx(request.POST)
# 是否校驗成功
v = obj.is_valid()
# html标簽name屬性 = Form類字段名
obj.is_valid()驗證通過傳回True，失敗則傳回False
# 所有錯誤資訊
obj.errors
# 正确資訊
obj.cleaned_data 登入和注冊案例：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
class LoginForm(Form):
# 正則驗證: 不能為空,6-18
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=18,
min_length=6,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required': '使用者名不能為空',
'min_length': '太短了',
'max_length': '太長了',
}
)
# 正則驗證: 不能為空，16+
password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)
# email = fields.EmailField()
# email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()
# email = fields.IntegerField()
def login(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,'login.html')
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
# 使用者輸入格式正确
print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典類型
return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
else:
# 使用者輸入格式錯誤
return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj}) View.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/login/">
{% csrf_token %}
使用者名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}<br>
密碼 :<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}<br>
<input type="submit" value="送出">
</form>
</body>
</html> login.html
基于Form和Ajax送出實作使用者登入案例：兩種驗證方式
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class LoginForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(required=True)
pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=18)
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request,'login.html')
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
return render(request,'login.html',{'obj': obj})
def ajax_login(request):
import json
ret = {'status': True,'msg': None}
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
# print(obj.errors) # obj.errors對象
ret['status'] = False
ret['msg'] = obj.errors
v = json.dumps(ret)
return HttpResponse(v)
#
# class TestForm(Form):
# t1 = fields.CharField(
# required=True,
# max_length=8,
# min_length=2,
# error_messages={
# 'required': '不能為空',
# 'max_length': '太長',
# 'min_length': '太短',
# }
# )
# t2 = fields.IntegerField(
# min_value=10,
# max_value=1000,
# error_messages={
# 'required': 't2不能為空',
# 'invalid': 't2格式錯誤，必須是數字',
# 'min_value': '必須大于10',
# 'max_value': '必須小于1000',
# },
# )
# t3 = fields.EmailField(
# error_messages={
# 'required': 't3不能為空',
# 'invalid': 't3格式錯誤，必須是郵箱格式',
# }
# )
class TestForm(Form):
t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=8,min_length=2,
error_messages={
'required': '不能為空',
'max_length': '太長',
'min_length': '太短',
}
)
t2 = fields.EmailField()
def test(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = TestForm()
return render(request,'test.html',{'obj': obj})
else:
obj = TestForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
class RegiterForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(min_length=8)
email = fields.EmailField()
password = fields.CharField()
phone = fields.RegexField('139\d+')
def register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
obj = RegiterForm()
return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = RegiterForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj}) """s4day77 URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^ajax_login/', views.ajax_login),
url(r'^test/', views.test),
url(r'^register/', views.register),
] urls.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>使用者登入</h1>
<form id="f1" action="/login/" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
<input type="text" name="user" />{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}
</p>
<p>
<input type="password" name="pwd" />{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
<a onclick="submitForm();">送出</a>
</form>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
function submitForm(){
$('.c1').remove();
$.ajax({
url: '/ajax_login/',
type: 'POST',
data: $('#f1').serialize(),// user=alex&pwd=456&csrftoen=dfdf\
dataType:"JSON",
success:function(arg){
console.log(arg);
if(arg.status){
}else{
$.each(arg.msg,function(index,value){
console.log(index,value);
var tag = document.createElement('span');
tag.innerHTML = value[0];
tag.className = 'c1';
$('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag);
})
}
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> test.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/register/" method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.user }} {{ obj.errors.user.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.email }} {{ obj.errors.email.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.password }} {{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.phone }} {{ obj.errors.phone.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> register.html
總結：
- Ajax，僅用驗證功能
- Form，驗證功能，生成HTML标簽 班級、學生案例：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class ClassForm(Form):
title = fields.RegexField('全棧\d+')
def class_list(request):
cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})
def add_class(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = ClassForm()
return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
else:
obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
# obj.cleaned_data # 字典
# 資料庫建立一條資料
# print(obj.cleaned_data)
# models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt'])
models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/class_list/')
return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
def edit_class(request,nid):
if request.method == "GET":
row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
# 讓頁面顯示初始值
# obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'})
obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title})
return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
else:
obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/class_list/')
return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
class StudentForm(Form):
name = fields.CharField(
min_length=2,
max_length=6,
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=18,max_value=25,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
cls_id = fields.IntegerField(
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'上海'),(2,'北京')])
widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
def student_list(request):
stu_list = models.Student.objects.all()
return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})
def add_student(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = StudentForm()
return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/student_list/')
return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
def edit_student(request,nid):
if request.method == "GET":
row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first()
obj = StudentForm(initial=row)
return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})
else:
obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/student_list/')
return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj}) """s4day77example URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),
url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),
url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),
url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),
url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),
url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),
] <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>班級清單</h1>
<div>
<a href="/add_class/">添加</a>
</div>
<ul>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">編輯</a> </li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html> class_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加班級</h1>
<form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> add_class.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>編輯班級</h1>
<form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
</p>
<input type='submit' value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> edit_class.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>學生清單</h1>
<a href="/add_student/">添加</a>
<ul>
{% for row in stu_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }} <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">編輯</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html> student_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加學生</h1>
<form action="/add_student/" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.name }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.email }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.age }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.cls_id }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> add_student.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.name }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">郵箱：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.email }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年齡：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.age }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.cls_id }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="送出" />
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html> edit_student.html
Form元件的上傳功能
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models
import os
class F2Form(Form):
user = fields.CharField()
fafafa = fields.FileField()
def f1(request):
if request.method=="GET":
return render(request,'f1.html')
else:
print(request.FILES)
file_obj = request.FILES.get("fafafa")
f = open(os.path.join('static',file_obj.name),'wb')
for chunk in file_obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
return render(request,'f1.html')
def f2(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = F2Form()
return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = F2Form(data=request.POST,files=request.FILES)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").name)
print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").size)
return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj}) f1.html
f2.html
Form類的字段和插件
建立Form類時，主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】，字段用于對使用者請求資料的驗證，插件用于自動生成HTML;
1、Django内置字段如下：
Field
required=True, 是否允許為空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标簽或顯示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 幫助資訊(在标簽旁邊顯示)
error_messages=None, 錯誤資訊 {'required': '不能為空', 'invalid': '格式錯誤'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在目前插件後面再加一個隐藏的且具有預設值的插件（可用于檢驗兩次輸入是否一直）
validators=[], 自定義驗證規則
localize=False, 是否支援本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以編輯
label_suffix=None Label内容字尾
CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大長度
min_length=None, 最小長度
strip=True 是否移除使用者輸入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 總長度
decimal_places=None, 小數位長度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 時間格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
DurationField(Field) 時間間隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正規表達式
max_length=None, 最大長度
min_length=None, 最小長度
error_message=None, 忽略，錯誤資訊使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允許空檔案
ImageField(FileField)
...
注：需要PIL子產品，pip3 install Pillow
以上兩個字典使用時，需要注意兩點：
- form表單中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函數中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 選項，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件，預設select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 幫助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查詢資料庫中的資料
empty_label="---------", # 預設空顯示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值對應的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中對queryset二次篩選
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 對選中的值進行一次轉換
empty_value= '' 空值的預設值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 對選中的每一個值進行一次轉換
empty_value= '' 空值的預設值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多個驗證，如下：即驗證最大長度20，又驗證郵箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象類，子類中可以實作聚合多個字典去比對一個值，要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式清單：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式清單：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 檔案選項，目錄下檔案顯示在頁面中
path, 檔案夾路徑
match=None, 正則比對
recursive=False, 遞歸下面的檔案夾
allow_files=True, 允許檔案
allow_folders=False, 允許檔案夾
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支援的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4位址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1時候，可解析為192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必須為both才能啟用
SlugField(CharField) 數字，字母，下劃線，減号（連字元）
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid類型
... 注：UUID是根據MAC以及目前時間等建立的不重複的随機字元串
import uuid
# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
>>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
# make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
# make a random UUID
>>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
# make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
# make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
# convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
>>> str(x)
'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
# get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
>>> x.bytes
b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
# make a UUID from a 16-byte string
>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f') View Code
常用選擇插件
# 單radio，值為字元串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
# 單radio，值為字元串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
# 單select，值為字元串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
# 單select，值為字元串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select
# )
# 多選select，值為清單
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
# initial=[1,],
# widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
# 單checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
# 多選checkbox,值為清單
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# initial=[2, ],
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# ) 在使用選擇标簽時，需要注意choices的選項可以從資料庫中擷取，但是由于是靜态字段 ***擷取的值無法實時更新***，那麼需要自定義構造方法進而達到此目的。
方式一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption') 方式二：
使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段來實作
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import models as form_model
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())zidi 自定義驗證規則
方式一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption') import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定義驗證規則
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手機号碼格式錯誤')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标題不能為空',
'min_length': '标題最少為5個字元',
'max_length': '标題最多為20個字元'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标題5-20個字元'}))
# 使用自定義驗證規則
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手機不能為空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手機号碼'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'郵箱不能為空','invalid': u'郵箱格式錯誤'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'郵箱'})) 方法三：自定義方法
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
email = fields.EmailField()
def clean_username(self):
"""
Form中字段中定義的格式比對完之後，執行此方法進行驗證
:return:
"""
value = self.cleaned_data['username']
if "666" in value:
raise ValidationError('666已經被玩爛了...', 'invalid')
return value 方式四：同時生成多個标簽進行驗證
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
############## 自定義字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Define one message for all fields.
error_messages = {
'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
}
# Or define a different message for each field.
f = (
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
validators=[
RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
],
),
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
),
fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
required=False,
),
)
super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
**kwargs)
def compress(self, data_list):
"""
當使用者驗證都通過後，該值傳回給使用者
:param data_list:
:return:
"""
return data_list
############## 自定義插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
def __init__(self):
ws = (
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
)
super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
def decompress(self, value):
"""
處理初始值，當初始值initial不是清單時，調用該方法
:param value:
:return:
"""
if value:
return value.split(',')
return [None, None, None] 初始化資料
在Web應用程式中開發編寫功能時，時常用到擷取資料庫中的資料并将值初始化在HTML中的标簽上。
1、Form
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField()
city = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
widget=widgets.Select
) 2、Views
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
def index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
obj = MyForm(values)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
return redirect('http://www.google.com')
else:
return redirect('http://www.google.com') 3、HTML
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
<input type="submit"/>
</form> 關于對字段認證[clean，clean_字段]的補充（關于錯誤資訊）
class RegesterForm(Form):
username = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "使用者名",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
nickname = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "即昵稱",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
email = fields.EmailField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "請輸入您查用郵箱",
}),
error_messages = {
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！",}
)
password = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "密碼,必須包含數字,字母！",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
passwords = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "請輸入确認密碼",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
avatar = fields.FileField(
widget=widgets.FileInput(
attrs={'id':"imgSelect",}),
)
code = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "驗證碼",
},)
)
def __init__(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
super(RegesterForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.request = request
def clean_code(self):
input_code = self.cleaned_data["code"]
session_code = self.request.session.get("code")
if input_code.upper() == session_code.upper():
return input_code
raise ValidationError("驗證碼錯誤，請重新輸入!")
#自定義字段驗證方法，擷取錯誤資訊的方式不變，還是 對象.errors.字段名.0
def clean(self):
p1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password")
p2 = self.cleaned_data.get("passwords")
if p1 == p2:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
self.add_error("passwords",ValidationError("輸入的密碼不一緻！")) ModelForm
使用Django開發web程式階段回顧：
1.手動對單表進行增、删、該、查，手動把ORM操作擷取的資料渲染到模闆；（階段1）
2.Form元件（類），自動生成标簽（input、select），并對使用者輸入的資料做規則驗證；（階段2）
3.ModelForm顧名思義就Form和Django的Model資料庫模型結合體，可以簡單、友善得對資料庫進行增加、編輯操作和驗證标簽的生成；
Form元件和ModelForm的差別
ModelForm是Django Model.py和Form元件的結合體，可以簡單/快速使用 Form驗證和資料庫操作功能，但不如Form元件靈活，如果在使用Django做web開發過程中驗證的資料和資料庫字段相關（可以對表進行增、删、改操，注意 Many to many字段，也可以級聯操作第3張關系表；），建議優先使用ModelForm，用起來更友善些，但是在使用ModelForm的時候慎用fields='__all__'，擷取資料庫所有字段勢必造成性能損耗；
1.使用ModelForm
前端：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ form_obj.as_p }}
{#<p>姓名：{{form_obj.name }}</p>#}
</body>
</html> 後端視圖：
from app02 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
class UserModalForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo #(該字段必須為 model 資料庫中表)
fields= '__all__' #(該字段必須為 fields 資料庫中表)
def add(request):
# 執行個體化models_form
if request.method=='GET':
obj = UserModalForm()
return render(request,'rbac/user_add.html',locals())
else:
obj=UserModalForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
data=obj.cleaned_data
obj.save() #form驗證通過直接 添加使用者資訊到資料庫
return render(request, 'rbac/user_add.html', locals()) 2.每一個ModelForm都依托一個Model，需要先設計Model之後，在設計對應的ModelForm。
假設已定義好Model，如下
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) 則對應需要設計一個ModelForm
from django.forms import ModelForm import Book
class BookForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=Book
def clean_<fieldname>: 可參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/DI-DIAO/p/8978780.html
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
class xxx(Form):
xx = fields.CharField(max_lenghth=,min_lenghth=,required=True,error_message=) obj = xxx(request.POST)
# 是否校驗成功
v = obj.is_valid()
# html标簽name屬性 = Form類字段名
obj.is_valid()驗證通過傳回True，失敗則傳回False
# 所有錯誤資訊
obj.errors
# 正确資訊
obj.cleaned_data from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
class LoginForm(Form):
# 正則驗證: 不能為空,6-18
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=18,
min_length=6,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required': '使用者名不能為空',
'min_length': '太短了',
'max_length': '太長了',
}
)
# 正則驗證: 不能為空，16+
password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)
# email = fields.EmailField()
# email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()
# email = fields.IntegerField()
def login(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,'login.html')
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
# 使用者輸入格式正确
print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典類型
return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
else:
# 使用者輸入格式錯誤
return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj}) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/login/">
{% csrf_token %}
使用者名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}<br>
密碼 :<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}<br>
<input type="submit" value="送出">
</form>
</body>
</html> from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class LoginForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(required=True)
pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=18)
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request,'login.html')
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
return render(request,'login.html',{'obj': obj})
def ajax_login(request):
import json
ret = {'status': True,'msg': None}
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
# print(obj.errors) # obj.errors對象
ret['status'] = False
ret['msg'] = obj.errors
v = json.dumps(ret)
return HttpResponse(v)
#
# class TestForm(Form):
# t1 = fields.CharField(
# required=True,
# max_length=8,
# min_length=2,
# error_messages={
# 'required': '不能為空',
# 'max_length': '太長',
# 'min_length': '太短',
# }
# )
# t2 = fields.IntegerField(
# min_value=10,
# max_value=1000,
# error_messages={
# 'required': 't2不能為空',
# 'invalid': 't2格式錯誤，必須是數字',
# 'min_value': '必須大于10',
# 'max_value': '必須小于1000',
# },
# )
# t3 = fields.EmailField(
# error_messages={
# 'required': 't3不能為空',
# 'invalid': 't3格式錯誤，必須是郵箱格式',
# }
# )
class TestForm(Form):
t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=8,min_length=2,
error_messages={
'required': '不能為空',
'max_length': '太長',
'min_length': '太短',
}
)
t2 = fields.EmailField()
def test(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = TestForm()
return render(request,'test.html',{'obj': obj})
else:
obj = TestForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
class RegiterForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(min_length=8)
email = fields.EmailField()
password = fields.CharField()
phone = fields.RegexField('139\d+')
def register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
obj = RegiterForm()
return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = RegiterForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj}) """s4day77 URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^ajax_login/', views.ajax_login),
url(r'^test/', views.test),
url(r'^register/', views.register),
] <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>使用者登入</h1>
<form id="f1" action="/login/" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
<input type="text" name="user" />{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}
</p>
<p>
<input type="password" name="pwd" />{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
<a onclick="submitForm();">送出</a>
</form>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
function submitForm(){
$('.c1').remove();
$.ajax({
url: '/ajax_login/',
type: 'POST',
data: $('#f1').serialize(),// user=alex&pwd=456&csrftoen=dfdf\
dataType:"JSON",
success:function(arg){
console.log(arg);
if(arg.status){
}else{
$.each(arg.msg,function(index,value){
console.log(index,value);
var tag = document.createElement('span');
tag.innerHTML = value[0];
tag.className = 'c1';
$('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag);
})
}
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/register/" method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.user }} {{ obj.errors.user.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.email }} {{ obj.errors.email.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.password }} {{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.phone }} {{ obj.errors.phone.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> - Ajax，僅用驗證功能
- Form，驗證功能，生成HTML标簽 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class ClassForm(Form):
title = fields.RegexField('全棧\d+')
def class_list(request):
cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})
def add_class(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = ClassForm()
return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
else:
obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
# obj.cleaned_data # 字典
# 資料庫建立一條資料
# print(obj.cleaned_data)
# models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt'])
models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/class_list/')
return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
def edit_class(request,nid):
if request.method == "GET":
row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
# 讓頁面顯示初始值
# obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'})
obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title})
return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
else:
obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/class_list/')
return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
class StudentForm(Form):
name = fields.CharField(
min_length=2,
max_length=6,
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=18,max_value=25,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
cls_id = fields.IntegerField(
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'上海'),(2,'北京')])
widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
def student_list(request):
stu_list = models.Student.objects.all()
return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})
def add_student(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = StudentForm()
return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/student_list/')
return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
def edit_student(request,nid):
if request.method == "GET":
row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first()
obj = StudentForm(initial=row)
return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})
else:
obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect('/student_list/')
return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj}) """s4day77example URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),
url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),
url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),
url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),
url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),
url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),
] <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>班級清單</h1>
<div>
<a href="/add_class/">添加</a>
</div>
<ul>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">編輯</a> </li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加班級</h1>
<form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>編輯班級</h1>
<form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
</p>
<input type='submit' value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>學生清單</h1>
<a href="/add_student/">添加</a>
<ul>
{% for row in stu_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }} <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">編輯</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加學生</h1>
<form action="/add_student/" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
{{ obj.name }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.email }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.age }}
</p>
<p>
{{ obj.cls_id }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="送出" />
</form>
</body>
</html> <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.name }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">郵箱：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.email }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年齡：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.age }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級：</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
{{ obj.cls_id }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="送出" />
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html> from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models
import os
class F2Form(Form):
user = fields.CharField()
fafafa = fields.FileField()
def f1(request):
if request.method=="GET":
return render(request,'f1.html')
else:
print(request.FILES)
file_obj = request.FILES.get("fafafa")
f = open(os.path.join('static',file_obj.name),'wb')
for chunk in file_obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
return render(request,'f1.html')
def f2(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = F2Form()
return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})
else:
obj = F2Form(data=request.POST,files=request.FILES)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").name)
print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").size)
return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj}) Field
required=True, 是否允許為空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标簽或顯示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 幫助資訊(在标簽旁邊顯示)
error_messages=None, 錯誤資訊 {'required': '不能為空', 'invalid': '格式錯誤'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在目前插件後面再加一個隐藏的且具有預設值的插件（可用于檢驗兩次輸入是否一直）
validators=[], 自定義驗證規則
localize=False, 是否支援本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以編輯
label_suffix=None Label内容字尾
CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大長度
min_length=None, 最小長度
strip=True 是否移除使用者輸入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 總長度
decimal_places=None, 小數位長度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 時間格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
DurationField(Field) 時間間隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正規表達式
max_length=None, 最大長度
min_length=None, 最小長度
error_message=None, 忽略，錯誤資訊使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允許空檔案
ImageField(FileField)
...
注：需要PIL子產品，pip3 install Pillow
以上兩個字典使用時，需要注意兩點：
- form表單中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函數中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 選項，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件，預設select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 幫助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查詢資料庫中的資料
empty_label="---------", # 預設空顯示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值對應的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中對queryset二次篩選
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 對選中的值進行一次轉換
empty_value= '' 空值的預設值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 對選中的每一個值進行一次轉換
empty_value= '' 空值的預設值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多個驗證，如下：即驗證最大長度20，又驗證郵箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象類，子類中可以實作聚合多個字典去比對一個值，要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式清單：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式清單：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 檔案選項，目錄下檔案顯示在頁面中
path, 檔案夾路徑
match=None, 正則比對
recursive=False, 遞歸下面的檔案夾
allow_files=True, 允許檔案
allow_folders=False, 允許檔案夾
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支援的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4位址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1時候，可解析為192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必須為both才能啟用
SlugField(CharField) 數字，字母，下劃線，減号（連字元）
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid類型
... import uuid
# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
>>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
# make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
# make a random UUID
>>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
# make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
# make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
# convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
>>> str(x)
'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
# get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
>>> x.bytes
b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
# make a UUID from a 16-byte string
>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f') # 單radio，值為字元串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
# 單radio，值為字元串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
# 單select，值為字元串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
# 單select，值為字元串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select
# )
# 多選select，值為清單
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
# initial=[1,],
# widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
# 單checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
# 多選checkbox,值為清單
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# initial=[2, ],
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# ) from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption') from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import models as form_model
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())zidi from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption') import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定義驗證規則
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手機号碼格式錯誤')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标題不能為空',
'min_length': '标題最少為5個字元',
'max_length': '标題最多為20個字元'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标題5-20個字元'}))
# 使用自定義驗證規則
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手機不能為空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手機号碼'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'郵箱不能為空','invalid': u'郵箱格式錯誤'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'郵箱'})) from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
email = fields.EmailField()
def clean_username(self):
"""
Form中字段中定義的格式比對完之後，執行此方法進行驗證
:return:
"""
value = self.cleaned_data['username']
if "666" in value:
raise ValidationError('666已經被玩爛了...', 'invalid')
return value from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
############## 自定義字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Define one message for all fields.
error_messages = {
'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
}
# Or define a different message for each field.
f = (
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
validators=[
RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
],
),
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
),
fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
required=False,
),
)
super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
**kwargs)
def compress(self, data_list):
"""
當使用者驗證都通過後，該值傳回給使用者
:param data_list:
:return:
"""
return data_list
############## 自定義插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
def __init__(self):
ws = (
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
)
super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
def decompress(self, value):
"""
處理初始值，當初始值initial不是清單時，調用該方法
:param value:
:return:
"""
if value:
return value.split(',')
return [None, None, None] from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField()
city = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
widget=widgets.Select
) from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
def index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
obj = MyForm(values)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
return redirect('http://www.google.com')
else:
return redirect('http://www.google.com') <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
<input type="submit"/>
</form> class RegesterForm(Form):
username = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "使用者名",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
nickname = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "即昵稱",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
email = fields.EmailField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "請輸入您查用郵箱",
}),
error_messages = {
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！",}
)
password = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "密碼,必須包含數字,字母！",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
passwords = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "請輸入确認密碼",
}),
error_messages={
"required": "内容不能為空",
"invalid": "格式錯誤,請重新輸入！", })
avatar = fields.FileField(
widget=widgets.FileInput(
attrs={'id':"imgSelect",}),
)
code = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(
attrs={
"class": "form-control",
"placeholder": "驗證碼",
},)
)
def __init__(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
super(RegesterForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.request = request
def clean_code(self):
input_code = self.cleaned_data["code"]
session_code = self.request.session.get("code")
if input_code.upper() == session_code.upper():
return input_code
raise ValidationError("驗證碼錯誤，請重新輸入!")
#自定義字段驗證方法，擷取錯誤資訊的方式不變，還是 對象.errors.字段名.0
def clean(self):
p1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password")
p2 = self.cleaned_data.get("passwords")
if p1 == p2:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
self.add_error("passwords",ValidationError("輸入的密碼不一緻！")) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ form_obj.as_p }}
{#<p>姓名：{{form_obj.name }}</p>#}
</body>
</html> from app02 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
class UserModalForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo #(該字段必須為 model 資料庫中表)
fields= '__all__' #(該字段必須為 fields 資料庫中表)
def add(request):
# 執行個體化models_form
if request.method=='GET':
obj = UserModalForm()
return render(request,'rbac/user_add.html',locals())
else:
obj=UserModalForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
data=obj.cleaned_data
obj.save() #form驗證通過直接 添加使用者資訊到資料庫
return render(request, 'rbac/user_add.html', locals()) class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) from django.forms import ModelForm import Book
class BookForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=Book
def clean_<fieldname>: