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安卓系統監聽system property值?

預備知識-什麼是system property

system property是系統屬性,以key-value格式儲存。

可以通過以下方式讀取和修改system property的值:

1.adb

adb shell getprop <key> 
adb shell setprop <key> <value>
           

2.C/C++

int property_get(const char *key, char *value, const char *default_value)
int property_set(const char *key, const char *value)
           

3.Java

SystemProperties.get(key)
SystemProperties.set(key, value);
           

前言

有一個朋友問我能否在App中監聽system property值的變化,我想到rc檔案中有大量類似下面的寫法,通過監聽system property的值啟動服務。

on property:persist.debug.atrace.boottrace=1
    start boottrace
           

我猜肯定可以App中監聽,果不其然在SystemProperties類中找到了addChangeCallback方法,看注釋就就感覺自己找對了,但是這個類和方法都是@hide的,無法直接通過SDK調用addChangeCallback方法。這能難得到我嘛,我有三種方法調用hide的接口,我選用反射。

/frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/SystemProperties.java

/**
 * Gives access to the system properties store.  The system properties
 * store contains a list of string key-value pairs.
 * {@hide}
 */
@SystemApi
@TestApi
public class SystemProperties {

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    @GuardedBy("sChangeCallbacks")
    private static final ArrayList<Runnable> sChangeCallbacks = new ArrayList<Runnable>();

    /**
     * Add a callback that will be run whenever any system property changes.
     * @param callback The {@link Runnable} that should be executed when a system property
     * changes.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public static void addChangeCallback(@NonNull Runnable callback) {
        synchronized (sChangeCallbacks) {
            if (sChangeCallbacks.size() == 0) {
                native_add_change_callback();
            }
            sChangeCallbacks.add(callback);
        }
    }
}
           

很快我寫完了demo,結果發現修改system property的值,根本不會觸發注冊的callback。

我檢查了很多次我寫的代碼,都沒發現問題,這是怎麼回事呢?

這是一個典型的觀察者模式,那我們跟蹤一下代碼,找一下觸發callback的地方。

代碼分析

開始跟蹤代碼,callback是被callChangeCallbacks回調的,從注釋就可以看出callChangeCallbacks這個方法是從native層被回調。

@SuppressWarnings("unused")  // Called from native code.
    private static void callChangeCallbacks() {
        synchronized (sChangeCallbacks) {
            //Log.i("foo", "Calling " + sChangeCallbacks.size() + " change callbacks!");
            if (sChangeCallbacks.size() == 0) {
                return;
            }
            ArrayList<Runnable> callbacks = new ArrayList<Runnable>(sChangeCallbacks);
            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < callbacks.size(); i++) {
                    try {
                        callbacks.get(i).run();//循環調用callback
                    } catch (Throwable t) {
                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Exception in SystemProperties change callback", t);
                        // Ignore and try to go on.
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
            }
        }
    }
           

callChangeCallbacks是在Native層中被do_report_sysprop_change回調的。

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_SystemProperties.cpp

jmethodID sCallChangeCallbacks;

void do_report_sysprop_change() {
  ...
  env->CallStaticVoidMethod(sClazz, sCallChangeCallbacks);
  ...
}

void SystemProperties_add_change_callback(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz)
{
  ...
   sCallChangeCallbacks = env->GetStaticMethodID(sClazz, "callChangeCallbacks", "()V");
   ...
}
           

do_report_sysprop_change在report_sysprop_change被回調。

system/core/libutils/misc.cpp

void report_sysprop_change() {
    do_report_sysprop_change();
}
           
整個流程:report_sysprop_change ---> do_report_sysprop_change ---> callChangeCallbacks ---> callbacks.get(i).run();

report_sysprop_change的調用點

基本理清楚了整個流程,隻要找到report_sysprop_change的地方就可以解開謎題了。但是我發現好多地方調用report_sysprop_change,一處處的分析。

第1處調用點

看到下面的代碼我懵逼了,饒了一圈又回到SystemProperties.java的reportSyspropChanged這個方法,這時候我有種不祥的預感,難道這個report_sysprop_change需要我們在修改完system property之後主動調用SystemProperties.reportSyspropChanged()才能回調我們設定的callback嘛,而且就算需要我們主動調用reportSyspropChanged也無法跨程序通知其他應用的callback,那這個功能太雞肋了。

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/SystemProperties.java
/**
* Notifies listeners that a system property has changed
* @hide
*/
public static void reportSyspropChanged() {
        //調用native層的SystemProperties_report_sysprop_change
        native_report_sysprop_change();
}


frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_SystemProperties.cpp

void SystemProperties_report_sysprop_change(JNIEnv /**env*/, jobject /*clazz*/)
{
    report_sysprop_change();
}

int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env)
{
    const JNINativeMethod method_table[] = {
        ...
        { "native_report_sysprop_change", "()V",
          (void*) SystemProperties_report_sysprop_change },
    };
    return RegisterMethodsOrDie(env, "android/os/SystemProperties",
                                method_table, NELEM(method_table));
}


           

第2處調用點

看到下面這個代碼,我還是抱着一點希望,說不準會有一次地方會發起SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION的Binder通信,來觸發這個方法,但是一想也有點怪怪的,既然是Binder通信,有server端,就應該有client端。

status_t BBinder::onTransact(
    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t /*flags*/)
{
    switch (code) {
        ...
        case SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION: {
            report_sysprop_change();
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
    }
}
           
我們找到了三處client端:
client1:
ANRdaemon.cpp
/*
 * Force the userland processes to refresh their property for logging.
 */
static void dfs_poke_binder(void) {
    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
    Vector<String16> services = sm->listServices();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < services.size(); i++) {
        sp<IBinder> obj = sm->checkService(services[i]);
        if (obj != NULL) {
            Parcel data;
            obj->transact(IBinder::SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION, data, NULL, 0);
        }
    }
}
           
client2:
atrace.cpp
// Poke all the binder-enabled processes in the system to get them to re-read
// their system properties.
static bool pokeBinderServices()
{
    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
    Vector<String16> services = sm->listServices();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < services.size(); i++) {
        sp<IBinder> obj = sm->checkService(services[i]);
        if (obj != NULL) {
            Parcel data;
            if (obj->transact(IBinder::SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION, data,
                    NULL, 0) != OK) {
                if (false) {
                    // XXX: For some reason this fails on tablets trying to
                    // poke the "phone" service.  It's not clear whether some
                    // are expected to fail.
                    String8 svc(services[i]);
                    fprintf(stderr, "error poking binder service %s\n",
                        svc.string());
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}
           

可以發現client1和client2的代碼差不多:循環周遊注冊在SM的實名Binder,然後發起SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION的Binder通信,這樣子所有注冊在SM中注冊實名Binder的程序可以觸發report_sysprop_change這個方法。看到這裡我基本可以确定需要修改system property的地方主動執行client1和client2類似的代碼,才能通知到其他程序system property發生了變化,然後觸發callback。

但是還有一個疑問,我們自己寫的App中并沒有注冊實名Binder到SM,那App如何接收system property的變化?

答案就在client3:通過實名Binder對象ActivityManagerService通知轉發SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION到每個App中的匿名Binder對象ApplicationThread。

client3
ActivityManagerService.java
@Override
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
            throws RemoteException {
        if (code == SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION) {
            // We need to tell all apps about the system property change.
            ArrayList<IBinder> procs = new ArrayList<IBinder>();
            synchronized(this) {
                final int NP = mProcessNames.getMap().size();
                for (int ip=0; ip<NP; ip++) {
                    SparseArray<ProcessRecord> apps = mProcessNames.getMap().valueAt(ip);
                    final int NA = apps.size();
                    for (int ia=0; ia<NA; ia++) {
                        ProcessRecord app = apps.valueAt(ia);
                        if (app.thread != null) {
                            //周遊所有的ProcessRecord,獲得每個ProcessRecord中儲存thread,
                            //thread是每個應用中ApplicationThread這個Binder對象的Client端。
                            procs.add(app.thread.asBinder());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            int N = procs.size();
            for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                Parcel data2 = Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    //發送SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION到每個應用。
                    procs.get(i).transact(IBinder.SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION, data2, null,
                            Binder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                }
                data2.recycle();
            }
        }
    }
           

總結

尾巴

static uint32_t PropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value, std::string* error) {
    ...省略大量代碼
    property_changed(name, value);
    return PROP_SUCCESS;
}

void property_changed(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
    ...省略大量代碼
    if (property_triggers_enabled) ActionManager::GetInstance().QueuePropertyChange(name, value);
    ...省略大量代碼
}