Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[上文]

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《Cobbler部署指南》系列

1、《Cobbler部署指南之安裝篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166589

2、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[上文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166921

3、《Cobbler部署指南之配置管理篇[下文]》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166932

4、《Cobbler部署指南之yum倉庫配置管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166936

5、《Cobbler部署指南之Cobbler安裝作業系統篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166947

6、《Cobbler部署指南之安裝虛拟化Xen系統篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166950

7、《Cobbler部署指南之電源管理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1166957

8、《Cobbler部署指南之FAQ處理篇》http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/blog/1281816/1167078

四、配置管理Cobbler

4.1 Cobbler指令說明

指令名稱	指令用途
cobbler check	檢查cobbler配置
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素的詳細資訊
cobbler distro	檢視導入的發行版系統資訊
cobbler system	檢視添加的系統資訊
cobbler profile	檢視配置資訊
cobbler sync	同步Cobbler配置，更改配置最好都要執行下
cobbler reposync	同步yum倉庫

指令參考

cobbler --help

cobbler distro --help 

cobbler distro add --help

4.2 Cobbler配置檔案說明

Cobbler配置檔案存放在/etc/cobbler下

配置檔案名稱	作    用
/etc/cobbler/settings	Cobbler主配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	用于web通路的使用者名密碼配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	子產品配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/users.conf	Cobbler WebUI/Web 服務授權配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/iso/	Buildiso 模闆配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/power	電源配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/pxe	Pxeprofile配置模闆
/etc/cobbler	此目錄也包含rsync、dhcp、dns、pxe、dnsmasq等服務的模闆配置檔案

4.3 系統鏡像資料目錄/var/www/cobbler

導入的系統發行版，repos鏡像和kickstart檔案都放置在/var/www/cobbler目錄下。確定/var目錄有足夠的空間來存儲這些檔案。

目錄名稱
/var/www/cobbler/p_w_picpaths/	存儲所有導入發行版的Kernel和initrd鏡像用于遠端網絡啟動
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	存儲導入的發行版系統資料
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	倉庫存儲目錄
/var/log/cobbler	Cobbler日志檔案 cobbler.log install.log

4.4 Cobbler資料目錄/var/lib/cobbler

此目錄存儲和Cobbler profiles、systems、distros相關的配置。

	作    用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	存放distros、repos、systems和profiles等資訊配置檔案，一般都是json檔案
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets/	存放ks檔案可以導入的腳本小片段，值得研究
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers	存放使用者定義的cobbler 指令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/	存放kickstart配置檔案

4.5 相關日志檔案

web日志存放點

/var/log/httpd/access_log

/var/log/httpd/error_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_access_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log

Cobbler日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

/var/log/cobbler/install.log

通過Cobbler日志可以擷取系統的安裝狀态

4.6 導入系統鏡像

4.6.1 上傳ISO鏡像至伺服器

注意下載下傳的ISO檔案要核對檔案的md5值，確定資料完整性

[root@hxinstall x86_64]# md5sum CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

8a3bf0030f192022943f83fe6b2cf373 CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

4.6.2 建立ISO目錄 

mkdir -p /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd  

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd

4.6.3 挂載ISO鏡像

mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso   /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

4.6.4 從DVD中導入OS資料

系統版本命名為centos5.8 架構x86_64，這時間長，耐性等待。可檢視ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/目錄檔案生成情況。

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd --name=centos5.8 --arch=x86_64     

task started: 2013-03-12_132624_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Mar 12 13:26:24 2013)

Found a redhat compatible signature: CentOS

adding distros

creating new distro: centos5.8-xen-x86_64

creating new profile: centos5.8-xen-x86_64

creating new distro: centos5.8-x86_64

creating new profile: centos5.8-x86_64

associating repos

traversing distro centos5.8-xen-x86_64

descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml

running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64

3496/3496 - CentOS/finger-0.17-33.x86_64.rpm                                    pm6_64.rpm

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

received on stderr: This option is deprecated

traversing distro centos5.8-x86_64

associating kickstarts

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

4.6.5 列出導入後的配置

distros:

   centos5.8-x86_64

   centos5.8-xen-x86_64

   centos6.3-x86_64

   centos6.4-x86_64

profiles:

systems:

repos:

p_w_picpaths:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

列出詳細資訊可以使用cobbler report

4.6.6 比對大小，確定資料的完整性

du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/  

4.1G    /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/

du -sh /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/

4.3G    /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/

4.6.7 CentOS6.3、6.4導入過程

CentOS6.3

mount -o loop   /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/ --name=centos6.3 --arch=x86_64   

CentOS6.4

mount -o loop   /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/ 

cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/ --name=centos6.4 --arch=x86_64   

4.7 删除導入的系統

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #檢視配置是否存在

centos6.3-x64-x86_64

cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #删除配置檔案

cobbler distro remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #删除distro

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #再檢視配置已無