1.檢視主機DNS的指令：
1.1host可以檢視域名所對應的IP，配置DNS的時候看看是否生效
[root@web02 ~]# host dev.xinfushe.com
dev.xinfushe.com has address 124.205.3.180
[root@web02 ~]# 1.2nslookup不僅可以檢視域名所對應的的IP，也可以檢視是哪台伺服器解析的
[root@web02 ~]# nslookup dev.xinfushe.com
Server: 10.143.22.118 #DNS解析伺服器
Address: 10.143.22.118#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: dev.xinfushe.com
Address: 124.205.3.180 2.遠端檢視端口的指令
這樣是正常的
[root@web02 ~]# telnet 59.110.25.215 52222
Trying 59.110.25.215...
Connected to 59.110.25.215.
Escape character is '^]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1
Protocol mismatch.
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@web02 ~]#
#這樣代表的是端口可以沒有開
[root@web02 ~]# telnet 59.110.25.215 22
Trying 59.110.25.215...
telnet: connect to address 59.110.25.215: Connection refused
[root@web02 ~]# 3.測試網絡是否暢通ping
[root@web02 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.210.27) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=26.2 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=26.1 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=26.2 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.186/26.208/26.225/0.016 ms
[root@web02 ~]# 4.檢視網卡流量的軟體（不求多但求精）
nload 網卡 #檢視哪一個網卡
5.檢視目前登陸的伺服器使用者
檢視登陸伺服器的人
[root@web02 ~]# who
liuhaixiao pts/0 2017-01-02 11:32 (1.89.202.74)#從哪個IP登陸的，也就是源Ip以及時間
root pts/1 2017-01-02 11:49 (10.27.77.205)
[root@web02 ~]#
#檢視目前我是誰
[root@web02 ~]# whoami
root 6.掃描一台伺服器的端口
[root@web01 ~]# nmap 59.110.26.9
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2017-01-02 11:54 CST
Nmap scan report for 59.110.26.9
Host is up (0.00024s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
3306/tcp open mysql #對外開方的端口
MAC Address: 00:16:3E:07:0C:0F (Xensource)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.08 seconds 7.windows和linux檢視路由TTL
C:\Users\劉海笑>tracert -d www.baidu.com
通過最多 30 個躍點跟蹤
到 www.a.shifen.com [119.75.218.70] 的路由:
1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.199.1
2 17 ms 19 ms 15 ms 1.89.200.1
3 11 ms 12 ms 11 ms 10.1.65.221
4 36 ms 63 ms 17 ms 211.99.128.241
^C
C:\Users\劉海笑>
[root@web01 ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (115.239.211.112), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 11.208.208.6 (11.208.208.6) 0.815 ms 0.826 ms 11.208.204.102 (11.208.204.102) 0.631 ms
2 11.208.204.102 (11.208.204.102) 0.655 ms 0.693 ms 11.208.208.6 (11.208.208.6) 0.804 ms
3 123.56.34.94 (123.56.34.94) 2.310 ms 2.305 ms 2.298 ms
4 101.200.109.146 (101.200.109.146) 1.945 ms 101.200.109.134 (101.200.109.134) 1.472 ms 101.200.109.130 (101.200.109.130) 1.521 ms
5 180.149.140.41 (180.149.140.41) 1.670 ms 180.149.140.81 (180.149.140.81) 1.090 ms 36.110.166.101 (36.110.166.101) 0.957 ms
6 180.149.128.194 (180.149.128.194) 4.467 ms 180.149.141.105 (180.149.141.105) 3.477 ms 218.30.25.221 (218.30.25.221) 1.845 ms
7 218.30.25.225 (218.30.25.225) 5.440 ms 218.30.28.29 (218.30.28.29) 2.727 ms 180.149.128.113 (180.149.128.113) 2.393 ms
8 202.97.68.122 (202.97.68.122) 35.474 ms 202.97.68.126 (202.97.68.126) 36.621 ms 202.97.68.166 (202.97.68.166) 28.776 ms
9 220.191.200.82 (220.191.200.82) 29.448 ms 220.191.200.146 (220.191.200.146) 34.813 ms 220.191.200.82 (220.191.200.82) 29.410 ms^C
[root@web01 ~]# window重新整理DNS配置
C:\Users\劉海笑>ipconfig/flushdns
Windows IP 配置
已成功重新整理 DNS 解析緩存。
C:\Users\劉海笑> [root@web01 ~]# dig @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com +trace
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-38.el7_3 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com +trace
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
. 121551 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 121551 IN RRSIG NS 8 0 518400 20170113050000 20161231040000 39291 . dDFhvwf2pRb5EQrlDsDt5ja2tE7fsf0UWR2of7pxfP7FZmD7QFYmWUdV pK4wbs7nD/DwmApgEa2oQYvj/+YP6JRz3WyLT/PowixJduOvbV04CWGt Ud3QK+dIHUUxp/WLU5JD35MAuEeXRbbaV3MVPDok19MsSgcfjDt/sAYT KVnbgV3Lfda2gVP5oxHqJoAwdRXcJTSTWcxYhpBi+sImacAo7QSlh3F/ 6l/y9nuKI3qxtlC24tTmmS11oadK7rW0b0q5B+PaicfuvibcYrq3kigo NDck9xzkWNGYe9VqAtfvsVnlwOgWCtoCoDIRhLGZk5yVXYyOmr6qBuY9 QewTzA==
;; Received 525 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 61 ms
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 86400 IN DS 30909 8 2 E2D3C916F6DEEAC73294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
com. 86400 IN RRSIG DS 8 1 86400 20170114170000 20170101160000 61045 . KgQhCm8rknGjV9iAai7HdwFss+8fKCMKHtXjfh84b2CWhaHzdHZWbUDf jBpCHTOyukWzHfkPDf6Nl525YK8wLGKYrij+1F6dkB/VXHnqLvArmAjN /qS5sHc4OqeAD9Q1I+1nQQ27Ap1CWETdXjGk1XsU4qeQrzsXoK1pdQ7p HAbpnNfL8B95IlzusGnfvlMDE5EfDtvx2ai2GRqyqnwBlJslPJi/USby nDA9d/z8/FI0ed5tI9uCAqtPidvqlz9uV5obH/KDI3L54tdZhPx8bt21 eb8o6MJp6fFRJ5SMnxOL+jG8wd2pyeMHrrKewDljeH0+aOvhZq4R0d0k cWX04g==
;; Received 865 bytes from 199.7.91.13#53(d.root-servers.net) in 624 ms
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS dns.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.baidu.com.
baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.baidu.com.
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - CK0Q1GIN43N1ARRC9OSM6QPQR81H5M9A NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20170105054741 20161229043741 6404 com. TSHb55e0r15Btrmk/JB9gDZfI+vuIbnWGVTodQML31eb2l2mQpxEhH8U kX8SrPwYIGxCoidyuh7wCUgaRWq1Xpj6YMHMm39t89DDbg4qE8qLl1YV n2f64yBoYDP2K74LlD67WQQMmm19fyjHWrdmtjOly9kKR0UDHuKhZmLk KuM=
HPVV2B5N85O7HJJRB7690IB5UVF9O9UA.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - HQ01H2D8Q0MT897NAE62MCFNM16HPMG6 NS DS RRSIG
HPVV2B5N85O7HJJRB7690IB5UVF9O9UA.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20170107055340 20161231044340 6404 com. IVepsIZfF+1fiyN3X+cndlryDcFWXIXh8zlW66ZMJj1HueMed7kTPh32 yDgDREMPxv+W0B5JHPy7x3ULz09tts3DEx4uw9rrHdBAHpPKUhrisQRH bvifjg6dnKB1cWJc7nJNJUEZUWYWqNQvgC06nrowY+bYZ0KxBGlmGbPg +0I=
;; Received 697 bytes from 192.31.80.30#53(d.gtld-servers.net) in 101 ms
www.baidu.com. 1200 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns4.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns1.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns3.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns5.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com. 1200 IN NS ns2.a.shifen.com.
;; Received 239 bytes from 220.181.38.10#53(ns4.baidu.com) in 4 ms
[root@web01 ~]# ![DNS域名解析過程DNS域名解析過程[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)