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oracle常用sql 1.Oracle資料庫檢視使用者鎖表和對表解鎖的sql語句

查詢所有表名： 

select t.table_name from user_tables t;

查詢所有字段名：

select t.column_name from user_col_comments t;

查詢指定表的所有字段名：

select t.column_name from user_col_comments t where t.table_name = 'BIZ_DICT_XB';

查詢指定表的所有字段名和字段說明：

select t.column_name, t.column_name from user_col_comments t where t.table_name = 'BIZ_DICT_XB';

查詢所有表的表名和表說明：

select t.table_name,f.comments from user_tables t inner join user_tab_comments f on t.table_name = f.table_name;

查詢模糊表名的表名和表說明：

select t.table_name from user_tables t where t.table_name like 'BIZ_DICT%';
select t.table_name,f.comments from user_tables t inner join user_tab_comments f on t.table_name = f.table_name where t.table_name like 'BIZ_DICT%';

--查詢表的資料條數、表名、中文表名

select a.num_rows, a.TABLE_NAME, b.COMMENTS
from user_tables a, user_tab_comments b
WHERE a.TABLE_NAME = b.TABLE_NAME
order by TABLE_NAME;

查找執行效率低下的SQL： 

v$sqltext：存儲的是完整的SQL,SQL被分割
v$sqlarea：存儲的SQL 和一些相關的資訊，比如累計的執行次數，邏輯讀，實體讀等統計資訊（統計）
v$sql：記憶體共享SQL區域中已經解析的SQL語句。（即時）
 
 
select opname, target, to_char(start_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time, elapsed_seconds elapsed, 
executions execs, buffer_gets/decode(executions, 0, 1, executions) bufgets, module, sql_text
from v$session_longops sl, v$sqlarea sa
where sl.sql_hash_value = sa.hash_value
and upper(substr(module, 1, 4)) <> 'RMAN'
and substr(opname, 1, 4 ) <> 'RMAN'
and sl.start_time > trunc(sysdate)
order by start_time;

根據sid查找完整sql語句：

elect sql_text from v$sqltext a where a.hash_value = (select sql_hash_value from v$session b where b.sid = '&sid')
 order by piece asc      
select a.CPU_TIME,--CPU時間 百萬分之一（微秒）
       a.OPTIMIZER_MODE,--優化方式
       a.EXECUTIONS,--執行次數
       a.DISK_READS,--讀盤次數
       a.SHARABLE_MEM,--占用shared pool的記憶體多少
       a.BUFFER_GETS,--讀取緩沖區的次數
       a.COMMAND_TYPE,--指令類型(3:select,2:insert;6:update;7delete;47:pl/sql程式單元)
       a.SQL_TEXT,--Sql語句
       a.SHARABLE_MEM,
       a.PERSISTENT_MEM,
       a.RUNTIME_MEM,
       a.PARSE_CALLS,
       a.DISK_READS,
       a.DIRECT_WRITES,
       a.CONCURRENCY_WAIT_TIME,
       a.USER_IO_WAIT_TIME
  from SYS.V_$SQLAREA a
 WHERE PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME = 'CHEA_FILL'--表空間
 order by a.CPU_TIME desc

從V$SQLAREA中查詢最占用資源的查詢：

select b.username username,a.disk_reads reads, 
    a.executions exec,a.disk_reads/decode(a.executions,0,1,a.executions) rds_exec_ratio, 
    a.sql_text Statement 
from  v$sqlarea a,dba_users b 
where a.parsing_user_id=b.user_id 
 and a.disk_reads > 100000 
order by a.disk_reads desc;
用buffer_gets列來替換disk_reads列可以得到占用最多記憶體的sql語句的相關資訊。

列出使用頻率最高的5個查詢：

select sql_text,executions 
from (select sql_text,executions, 
   rank() over 
    (order by executions desc) exec_rank 
   from v$sql) 
where exec_rank <=5;

消耗磁盤讀取最多的sql top5：

select disk_reads,sql_text 
from (select sql_text,disk_reads, 
   dense_rank() over 
     (order by disk_reads desc) disk_reads_rank 
   from v$sql) 
where disk_reads_rank <=5;

找出需要大量緩沖讀取（邏輯讀）操作的查詢：

select buffer_gets,sql_text 
from (select sql_text,buffer_gets, 
   dense_rank() over 
     (order by buffer_gets desc) buffer_gets_rank 
   from v$sql) 
where buffer_gets_rank<=5;

v$sqlarea字段定義：http://happyhou.blog.sohu.com/60494432.html

QL_TEXT

VARCHAR2(1000)

 		First thousand characters of the SQL text for the current cursor

SQL_ID

VARCHAR2(13)

 		SQL identifier of the parent cursor in the library cache

SHARABLE_MEM

NUMBER

 		Amount of shared memory used by a cursor. If multiple child cursors exist, then the sum of all shared memory used by all child cursors.

PERSISTENT_MEM

NUMBER

 		Fixed amount of memory used for the lifetime of an open cursor. If multiple child cursors exist, the fixed sum of memory used for the lifetime of all the child cursors.

RUNTIME_MEM

NUMBER

 		Fixed amount of memory required during execution of a cursor. If multiple child cursors exist, the fixed sum of all memory required during execution of all the child cursors.

SORTS

NUMBER

 		Sum of the number of sorts that were done for all the child cursors

VERSION_COUNT

NUMBER

 		Number of child cursors that are present in the cache under this parent

LOADED_VERSIONS

NUMBER

 		Number of child cursors that are present in the cache and have their context heap (KGL heap 6) loaded

OPEN_VERSIONS

NUMBER

 		The number of child cursors that are currently open under this current parent

USERS_OPENING

NUMBER

 		Number of users that have any of the child cursors open

FETCHES

NUMBER

 		Number of fetches associated with the SQL statement

EXECUTIONS

NUMBER

 		Total number of executions, totalled over all the child cursors

END_OF_FETCH_COUNT

NUMBER

 		Number of times this cursor was fully executed since the cursor was brought into the library cache. The value of this statistic is not incremented when the cursor is partially executed, either because it failed during the execution or because only the first few rows produced by this cursor are fetched before the cursor is closed or re-executed. By definition, the value of the 

END_OF_FETCH_COUNT

  column should be less or equal to the value of the

EXECUTIONS

  column.

USERS_EXECUTING

NUMBER

 		Total number of users executing the statement over all child cursors

LOADS

NUMBER

 		Number of times the object was loaded or reloaded

FIRST_LOAD_TIME

VARCHAR2(19)

 		Timestamp of the parent creation time

INVALIDATIONS

NUMBER

 		Total number of invalidations over all the child cursors

PARSE_CALLS

NUMBER

 		Sum of all parse calls to all the child cursors under this parent

DISK_READS

NUMBER

 		Sum of the number of disk reads over all child cursors

DIRECT_WRITES

NUMBER

 		Sum of the number of direct writes over all child cursors

BUFFER_GETS

NUMBER

 		Sum of buffer gets over all child cursors

APPLICATION_WAIT_TIME

NUMBER

 		Application wait time

CONCURRENCY_WAIT_TIME

NUMBER

 		Concurrency wait time

CLUSTER_WAIT_TIME

NUMBER

 		Cluster wait time

USER_IO_WAIT_TIME

NUMBER

 		User I/O Wait Time

PLSQL_EXEC_TIME

NUMBER

 		PL/SQL execution time

JAVA_EXEC_TIME

NUMBER

 		Java execution time

ROWS_PROCESSED

NUMBER

 		Total number of rows processed on behalf of this SQL statement

COMMAND_TYPE

NUMBER

 		Oracle command type definition

OPTIMIZER_MODE

VARCHAR2(25)

 		Mode under which the SQL statement was executed

PARSING_USER_ID

NUMBER

 		User ID of the user that has parsed the very first cursor under this parent

PARSING_SCHEMA_ID

NUMBER

 		Schema ID that was used to parse this child cursor

KEPT_VERSIONS

NUMBER

 		Number of child cursors that have been marked to be kept using the

DBMS_SHARED_POOL

  package

ADDRESS

RAW(4 | 8)

 		Address of the handle to the parent for this cursor

HASH_VALUE

NUMBER

 		Hash value of the parent statement in the library cache

OLD_HASH_VALUE

NUMBER

 		Old SQL hash value

MODULE

VARCHAR2(64)

 		Contains the name of the module that was executing at the time that the SQL statement was first parsed as set by calling 

DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO

 .

SET_MODULE

MODULE_HASH

NUMBER

 		Hash value of the module that is named in the 

MODULE

  column

ACTION

VARCHAR2(64)

 		Contains the name of the action that was executing at the time that the SQL statement was first parsed as set by calling 

DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO

SET_ACTION

ACTION_HASH

NUMBER

 		Hash value of the action that is named in the 

ACTION

SERIALIZABLE_ABORTS

NUMBER

 		Number of times the transaction fails to serialize, producing 

ORA-08177

  errors, totalled over all the child cursors

CPU_TIME

NUMBER

 		CPU time (in microseconds) used by this cursor for parsing/executing/fetching

ELAPSED_TIME

NUMBER

 		Elapsed time (in microseconds) used by this cursor for parsing/executing/fetching

IS_OBSOLETE

VARCHAR2(1)

 		Indicates whether the cursor has become obsolete (

Y

  ) or not (

N

  ). This can happen if the number of child cursors is too large.

CHILD_LATCH

NUMBER

 		Child latch number that is protecting the cursor

PROGRAM_ID

NUMBER

 		Program identifie

1.Oracle資料庫檢視使用者鎖表和對表解鎖的sql語句 

① 檢視使用者鎖表      
select sess.sid, 
sess.serial#, 
lo.oracle_username, 
lo.os_user_name, 
ao.object_name, 
lo.locked_mode 
from v$locked_object lo, 
dba_objects ao, 
v$session sess 
where ao.object_id = lo.object_id and lo.session_id = sess.sid      
② 解鎖語句      
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'

ORACLE資料庫存儲空間使用情況查詢

使用系統sys或者dba權限的賬戶建立視圖如下:

    1. 主要從資料庫的表dba_data_files,dba_segments兩張表中擷取。

    2. 預設資料庫儲存的是byte機關，轉換關系如下: 

      1024bytes = 1kb 

      1024KB = 1M 

      1024M = 1G

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_GET_DISKSPACE AS
 SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,
 A.USE "USED (MB)",
 (B.TOTAL-A.USE) "FREE (MB)",
 B.TOTAL "TOTAL (MB)",
 round((B.TOTAL-A.USE)/B.TOTAL,5)*100||'%' "PER_FREE"
 FROM
 (
 select TABLESPACE_NAME,sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as USE from dba_segments
 /*where tablespace_name NOT IN ('USERS','SYSAUX','UNDOTBS1','SYSTEM','UNDOTBS2')*/
 GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
 ) A ,
 (
 WITH TABLESPACE_TOTAL AS
 (
 SELECT tablespace_name,sum(MAXBYTES)/(1024*1024) TOTAL FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T
 WHERE /*T.TABLESPACE_NAME NOT IN ('USERS','SYSAUX','UNDOTBS1','SYSTEM','UNDOTBS2')
 AND*/ T.AUTOEXTENSIBLE='YES' group by tablespace_name
 UNION ALL
 SELECT tablespace_name,sum(bytes) TOTAL FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T
 WHERE /*T.TABLESPACE_NAME NOT IN ('USERS','SYSAUX','UNDOTBS1','SYSTEM','UNDOTBS2')
 AND*/ T.AUTOEXTENSIBLE='NO' group by tablespace_name
 )
 SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,SUM(TOTAL) TOTAL FROM TABLESPACE_TOTAL GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
 ) B
 WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME;

LINUX伺服器查詢

  1. du -sch * 使用該指令查詢目前目錄下檔案夾占用的空間的情況
  2. df -hl 查詢磁盤剩餘空間
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