1.rpm是什麼？在幫助文檔裡我們可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的縮寫， 從名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一個包管理工具。簡單說rpm包就是把一些程式編譯成二進制，和一些配置檔案以及幫助文檔等一些程式所依賴庫打包在一起，這樣形成的一個包。rpm大大的簡化使用者在Linux上安裝軟體的複雜度。
一、概念
1.rpm是什麼？在幫助文檔裡我們可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的縮寫， 從名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一個包管理工具。簡單說rpm包就是把一些程式編譯成二進制，和一些配置檔案以及幫助文檔等一些程式所依賴庫打包在一起，這樣形成的一個包。rpm大大的簡化使用者在Linux上安裝軟體的複雜度。
2.rpm倉庫是什麼？從字面了解,倉庫就是集中存放東西的地方，同樣rpm倉庫就是集中存放rpm包的一個地方。這裡說的‘地方’就是伺服器。把很多rpm包放在一個特定的伺服器的特定目錄裡， 再由比如http、nfs、ftp、file這些協定是用來提供給其他伺服器下載下傳rpm包的伺服器，我們把這樣的伺服器稱為rpm倉庫伺服器。
3.yum是什麼？yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified 的縮寫，翻譯過來就是Yellowdog 更新修改，完全沒有搞懂這個翻譯到底是什麼意思，查下百度百科吧！yum是一個在Fedora、Redhat以及CentOS中的shell前端軟體包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能夠從指定的伺服器自下載下傳rpm包并且安裝，可以自動處理包依賴關系，并且能夠一次安裝所有所依賴的軟體包，無需頻繁的一次次下載下傳安裝。看了百度的解釋，我們應該知道yum是什麼了吧！簡單說就是基于rpm包的前端管理工具，它可以幫我們解決包與包的依賴關系。
4.yum的工作機制。yum是c/s架構的工作機制，服務端提供rpm倉庫，用戶端根據服務端提供的倉庫，通過特定協定去服務端下載下傳所需要的包來進行安裝。第一次去服務端，它會把服務端的倉庫中繼資料緩存到本地，這樣就不需要每次下載下傳都去服務端查詢。所謂倉庫的中繼資料就是記錄着該倉庫有哪些包，包名，包與包的依賴關系等一些資料。每次要裝包的時候，yum會去看看本地緩存的中繼資料，有沒有需要的包的資訊，如果有，他們會把相應的包以及所依賴的包一并去服務端下載下傳下來，一并安裝。
二、倉庫的搭建
了解了以上的基本概念，下面我們開始來搭建rpm倉庫吧
1.建立目錄結構
[root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /rpm/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/rpm'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64'
說明：本次實驗是在centos6或centos7平台架構是x86_64的系統上來建立的目錄
2.上傳包
[root@test ~]$cd /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
[root@test x86_64]$pwd
/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64
[root@test x86_64]$mv /root/samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm .
[root@test x86_64]$cd ../../../7/os/x86_64/
[root@test x86_64]$pwd
/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64
[root@test x86_64]$mv /root/tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm /root/samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm .
說明： 上傳了4個包，在/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 放了samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm和vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm兩個包，在/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64放了samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm和tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm兩個包，本人先是把包傳到伺服器，然後移動到相應的目錄裡。
3.建立中繼資料
首先要檢查自己的伺服器有沒有裝createrepo這個工具
[root@test x86_64]$rpm -q createrepo
package createrepo is not installed
如果沒有就安裝
[root@test x86_64]$yum install -y createrepo
建立倉庫中繼資料
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
total 5368
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 5331428 Sep 8 16:02 samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 159332 Sep 8 16:02 vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
total 732
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 647996 Sep 8 16:04 samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 91820 Sep 8 16:04 tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm
說明：可以看到在兩個倉庫下各自生成了一個repodata的目錄，這裡說一下，要确定倉庫的路徑就是要看repodata這個目錄的父目錄是什麼，repodata目錄所在的父目錄就是倉庫的路徑。
4.在用戶端編寫repo配置檔案
[root@test ~]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mkdir repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mv *.repo repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
repo_bak
說明：本人采用的是用戶端服務端在同一台裝置上，為了不受其他repo配置檔案的幹擾，我們把以前的repo檔案全部移動到另外一個備份目錄裡，然後在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 下建立一個repo檔案。
[my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=file:///rpm/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
說明：建立一個.repo的檔案，将以上内容添加到該檔案，解釋一下這個檔案的内容，第一個中括号裡表示倉庫的名字，通常這個名字可以順便起，一般不建議裡面帶空格，name=表示倉庫的簡要說明，baseurl= 表示倉庫的路徑，也就是repodata所在的目錄的父目錄，gpgcheck=0表示不檢查包的gpg驗證，若gpgcheck=1表示要驗證。添加以上内容我們用戶端就可以根據以上定義的baseurl去伺服器倉庫裡找相應的包。
5.在用戶端清除yum緩存，檢視倉庫清單
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 2.9 kB 00:00 ...
my_base/primary_db | 6.0 kB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 2
repolist: 2
說明：可以看到我們剛才配置的倉庫資訊，repo id 就是我們剛才在repo檔案中寫的，也可看到裡面有2個包。看到以上資訊就表示rpm倉庫在用戶端上的配置成功了。
6.裝包驗證
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-24.el6 my_base 156 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 156 k
Installed size: 340 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6
Complete!
說明：本人以兩個包作為例子來示範搭建rpm的過程，可能裝這個包還有其他依賴包，但是倉庫裡面沒有其他依賴，可能會出現報錯的情況。
以上就是本地搭建repo倉庫的過程。
下面我再說下如何搭建網絡rpm倉庫
1.先安裝httpd web伺服器
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.2.15-69.el6.centos base 836 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 836 k
Installed size: 3.0 M
Downloading Packages:
httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 836 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos
Complete!
說明：httpd預設工作路徑在/var/www/html/ 下，也就是放html網頁代碼的地方。
2.在httpd 的工作路徑下 建立目錄結構
[root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64'
3.挂載安裝CD光牒到相應的位置
[root@test ~]$mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
說明：我這裡隻挂載了centos6的一個安裝CD光牒，centos7下面的目錄也可以使用同樣的方式挂載centos7的安裝CD光牒，這裡用centos6作為示範。這裡還要說一下安裝CD光牒本身就有repodata目錄，我們這裡就不需要再建立中繼資料資訊。
4.開啟httpd
[root@test ~]$/etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for test
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]
5.用戶端配置repo檔案
[my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
說明：這裡隻需要把倉庫的路徑改成以http的協定方式去擷取，當然為了不受其他yum源的影響，本次實驗我們也要把其他的repo檔案放在一個備份目錄。
6.用戶端清除yum緩存，并檢視倉庫清單
[root@test x86_64]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
[root@test x86_64]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 4.0 kB 00:00
my_base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:00
repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 6,575
repolist: 6,575
說明：可以看到剛才搭建的倉庫成功的出現在倉庫清單中了。
7.安裝一個包，驗證倉庫
[root@test ~]$yum install java -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 will be installed
---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 will be installed
---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 188 k
Installing for dependencies:
giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 my_base 37 k
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 32 M
jpackage-utils noarch 1.7.5-3.14.el6 my_base 60 k
libXfont x86_64 1.4.5-4.el6_6 my_base 137 k
libfontenc x86_64 1.0.5-2.el6 my_base 24 k
ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.9-32.1.el6 my_base 43 k
tzdata-java noarch 2015e-1.el6 my_base 176 k
xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 my_base 75 k
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.2-11.el6 my_base 520 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 10 Package(s)
Total download size: 33 M
Installed size: 104 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00
(2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 188 kB 00:00
(3/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch.rpm | 60 kB 00:00
(4/10): tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 176 kB 00:00
(5/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:00
(6/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00
(7/10): libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00
(8/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm | 520 kB 00:00
(9/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00
(10/10): libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 33 MB/s | 33 MB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 1/10
Installing : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 2/10
Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 3/10
Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 4/10
Installing : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 5/10
Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 6/10
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 7/10
Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 8/10
Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 9/10
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 3/10
Verifying : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 4/10
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 5/10
Verifying : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 8/10
Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 10/10
Installed:
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6
Dependency Installed:
giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6
libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6
tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6
Complete! 到此網絡rpm倉庫就搭建完畢！！
作者：Linux-1874
出處：https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/
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