Java中new Long(String s)和Long.valueOf(String s)的差別

想要知道new Long(String s)和Long.valueOf(String s)的差別，還是得從源碼直接看比較直覺

new Long(String s)

Long.valueOf(String s)

從源碼可以看出，使用new Long(s)和Long.valueOf(s)都會去調用parseLong(s, 10)方法,

parseLong(String s, int radix)

/**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed {@code long} in the
     * radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the
     * string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined
     * by whether {@link java.lang.Character#digit(char, int)} returns
     * a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an
     * ASCII minus sign {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) to
     * indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign {@code '+'}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) to indicate a positive value. The
     * resulting {@code long} value is returned.
     *
     * <p>Note that neither the character {@code L}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu004C'}) nor {@code l}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu006C'}) is permitted to appear at the end
     * of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in
     * Java programming language source code - except that either
     * {@code L} or {@code l} may appear as a digit for a
     * radix greater than or equal to 22.
     *
     * <p>An exception of type {@code NumberFormatException} is
     * thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>The first argument is {@code null} or is a string of
     * length zero.
     *
     * <li>The {@code radix} is either smaller than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX} or larger than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX}.
     *
     * <li>Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
     * radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign
     * {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002d'}) or plus sign {@code
     * '+'} ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) provided that the string is
     * longer than length 1.
     *
     * <li>The value represented by the string is not a value of type
     *      {@code long}.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>Examples:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * parseLong("0", 10) returns 0L
     * parseLong("473", 10) returns 473L
     * parseLong("+42", 10) returns 42L
     * parseLong("-0", 10) returns 0L
     * parseLong("-FF", 16) returns -255L
     * parseLong("1100110", 2) returns 102L
     * parseLong("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseLong("Hazelnut", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseLong("Hazelnut", 36) returns 1356099454469L
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      s       the {@code String} containing the
     *                     {@code long} representation to be parsed.
     * @param      radix   the radix to be used while parsing {@code s}.
     * @return     the {@code long} represented by the string argument in
     *             the specified radix.
     * @throws     NumberFormatException  if the string does not contain a
     *             parsable {@code long}.
     */
    public static long parseLong(String s, int radix)
              throws NumberFormatException
    {
        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }
        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        long result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        long limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
        long multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }      

parseLong(String s, int radix)傳回long值，這事差別就出來了，對于new Long(String s)是直接将該long值傳回，而Long.valueOf(String s)會将傳回的long值繼續處理Long.valueOf(long l)

那麼從valueOf(long l)方法可以看到再傳回結果之前會進行一個判斷，判斷當值在[-128,127]之間傳回的是緩存的值，不在這個值區間了才會通過構造函數傳回，從這一點上看會比new Long(String s)更節省空間，提高性能。