k8s容器雲架構之dubbo微服務—K8S(15)監控實戰-ELK收集K8S内應用日志

K8S監控實戰-ELK收集K8S内應用日志

目錄

• • 1 收集K8S日志方案

• • • 1.1 傳統ELk模型缺點：
    • 1.2 K8s容器日志收集模型

• • 2 制作tomcat底包

• • • 2.1 準備tomcat底包

• • • • 2.1.1 下載下傳tomcat8
      • 2.1.2 簡單配置tomcat

• • • 2.2 準備docker鏡像

• • • • 2.2.1 建立dockerfile
      • 2.2.2 準備dockerfile所需檔案
      • 2.2.3 建構docker

• • 3 部署ElasticSearch

• • • 3.1 安裝ElasticSearch

• • • • 3.1.1 下載下傳二進制包
      • 3.1.2 配置elasticsearch.yml

• • • 3.2 優化其他設定

• • • • 3.2.1 設定jvm參數
      • 3.2.2 建立普通使用者
      • 3.2.3 調整檔案描述符
      • 3.2.4 調整核心參數

• • • 3.3 啟動ES

• • • • 3.3.1 啟動es服務
      • 3.3.1 調整ES日志模闆

• • 4 部署kafka和kafka-manager

• • • 4.1 但節點安裝kafka

• • • • 4.1.1 下載下傳包
      • 4.1.2 修改配置
      • 4.1.3 啟動kafka

• • • 4.2 擷取kafka-manager的docker鏡像

• • • • 4.2.1 方法一 通過dockerfile擷取
      • 4.2.2 直接下載下傳docker鏡像
      • 4.3 部署kafka-manager

• • • 4.3.1 準備dp清單

• • • • 4.3.2 準備svc資源清單
      • 4.3.3 準備ingress資源清單
      • 4.3.4 應用資源配置清單
      • 4.3.5 解析域名
      • 4.3.6 浏覽器通路

• • 5 部署filebeat

• • • 5.1 制作docker鏡像

• • • • 5.1.1 準備Dockerfile
      • 5.1.2 準備filebeat配置檔案
      • 5.1.3 準備啟動腳本
      • 5.1.4 建構鏡像

• • • 5.2 以邊車模式運作POD

• • • • 5.2.1 準備資源配置清單
      • 5.2.2 應用資源清單

• • • 5.2.3 驗證

• • 6 部署logstash

• • • 6.1 準備docker鏡像

• • • • 6.1.1 下載下傳官方鏡像
      • 6.1.2 準備配置檔案

• • • 6.2 啟動logstash

• • • • 6.2.1 啟動測試環境的logstash
      • 6.2.2 檢視es是否接收資料
      • 6.2.3 啟動正式環境的logstash

• • 7 部署Kibana

• • • 7.1 準備相關資源

• • • • 7.1.1 準備docker鏡像
      • 7.1.3 準備dp資源清單
      • 7.1.4 準備svc資源清單
      • 7.1.5 準備ingress資源清單

• • • 7.2 應用資源

• • • • 7.2.1 應用資源配置清單
      • 7.2.2 解析域名
      • 7.2.3 浏覽器通路

• • • 7.3 kibana的使用

K8s系統裡的業務應用是高度“動态化”的，随着容器編排的進行，業務容器在不斷的被建立、被摧毀、被漂移、被擴縮容…

我們需要這樣一套日志收集、分析的系統：

1. 收集 – 能夠采集多種來源的日志資料（流式日志收集器）
2. 傳輸 – 能夠穩定的把日志資料傳輸到中央系統（消息隊列）
3. 存儲 – 可以将日志以結構化資料的形式存儲起來（搜尋引擎）
4. 分析 – 支援友善的分析、檢索方法，最好有GUI管理系統（web）
5. 警告 – 能夠提供錯誤報告，監控機制（監控系統）

1. Logstash使用Jruby語言開發，吃資源，大量部署消耗極高
2. 業務程式與logstash耦合過松，不利于業務遷移
3. 日志收集與ES耦合又過緊，（Logstash）易打爆（ES）、丢資料
4. 在容器雲環境下，傳統ELk模型難以完成工作

cd /opt/src/
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.50/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz
mkdir /data/dockerfile/tomcat
tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz -C /data/dockerfile/tomcat
cd /data/dockerfile/tomcat      

删除自帶網頁

rm -rf apache-tomcat-8.5.50/webapps/*      

關閉AJP端口

tomcat]# vim apache-tomcat-8.5.50/conf/server.xml
  <!-- <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> -->      

修改日志類型

删除3manager，4host-manager的handlers

tomcat]# vim apache-tomcat-8.5.50/conf/logging.properties
handlers = [1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler](http://1catalina.org.apache.juli.asyncfilehandler/), [2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler](http://2localhost.org.apache.juli.asyncfilehandler/), java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler      

日志級别改為INFO

1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = INFO
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = INFO
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = INFO      

注釋所有關于3manager，4host-manager日志的配置

#3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
#3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
#3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = manager.
#3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
#4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
#4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
#4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = host-manager.
#4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8      

cat >Dockerfile <<'EOF'
From harbor.od.com/public/jre:8u112
RUN /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime &&\
  echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ENV CATALINA_HOME /opt/tomcat
ENV LANG zh_CN.UTF-8
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.50/ /opt/tomcat
ADD config.yml /opt/prom/config.yml
ADD jmx_javaagent-0.3.1.jar /opt/prom/jmx_javaagent-0.3.1.jar
WORKDIR /opt/tomcat
ADD entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
CMD ["/bin/bash","/entrypoint.sh"]
EOF      

JVM監控所需jar包

wget  -O jmx_javaagent-0.3.1.jar https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/prometheus/jmx/jmx_prometheus_javaagent/0.3.1/jmx_prometheus_javaagent-0.3.1.jar      

jmx_agent讀取的配置檔案

cat >config.yml <<'EOF'
---
rules:
 - pattern: '.*'
EOF      

容器啟動腳本

cat  >entrypoint.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
M_OPTS="-Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -javaagent:/opt/prom/jmx_javaagent-0.3.1.jar=$(hostname -i):${M_PORT:-"12346"}:/opt/prom/config.yml" # Pod ip:port 監控規則傳給jvm監控用戶端
C_OPTS=${C_OPTS}             # 啟動追加參數
MIN_HEAP=${MIN_HEAP:-"128m"} # java虛拟機初始化時的最小記憶體
MAX_HEAP=${MAX_HEAP:-"128m"} # java虛拟機初始化時的最大記憶體
JAVA_OPTS=${JAVA_OPTS:-"-Xmn384m -Xss256k -Duser.timezone=GMT+08  -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:LargePageSizeInBytes=128m -XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+PrintClassHistogram  -Dfile.encoding=UTF8 -Dsun.jnu.encoding=UTF8"}     # 年輕代，gc回收
CATALINA_OPTS="${CATALINA_OPTS}"
JAVA_OPTS="${M_OPTS} ${C_OPTS} -Xms${MIN_HEAP} -Xmx${MAX_HEAP} ${JAVA_OPTS}"
sed -i -e "1a\JAVA_OPTS=\"$JAVA_OPTS\"" -e "1a\CATALINA_OPTS=\"$CATALINA_OPTS\"" /opt/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh   
cd /opt/tomcat && /opt/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh run 2>&1 >> /opt/tomcat/logs/stdout.log # 日志檔案
EOF      

docker build . -t harbor.zq.com/base/tomcat:v8.5.50
docker push       harbor.zq.com/base/tomcat:v8.5.50      

官網 官方github位址 下載下傳位址

部署

HDSS7-12.host.com

上：

cd /opt/src
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.8.6.tar.gz
tar xf elasticsearch-6.8.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/elasticsearch-6.8.6/ /opt/elasticsearch
cd /opt/elasticsearch      

mkdir -p /data/elasticsearch/{data,logs}
cat >config/elasticsearch.yml <<'EOF'
cluster.name: es.zq.com
node.name: hdss7-12.host.com
path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/logs
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 10.4.7.12
http.port: 9200
EOF      

elasticsearch]# vi config/jvm.options
# 根據環境設定，-Xms和-Xmx設定為相同的值，推薦設定為機器記憶體的一半左右
-Xms512m 
-Xmx512m      

useradd -s /bin/bash -M es
chown -R es.es /opt/elasticsearch-6.8.6
chown -R es.es /data/elasticsearch/      

vim /etc/security/limits.d/es.conf
es hard nofile 65536
es soft fsize unlimited
es hard memlock unlimited
es soft memlock unlimited      

sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144
echo "vm.max_map_count=262144" > /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p      

]# su -c "/opt/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch -d" es
]# netstat -luntp|grep 9200
tcp6    0   0 10.4.7.12:9200     :::*          LISTEN   16784/java      

curl -XPUT http://10.4.7.12:9200/_template/k8s -d '{
 "template" : "k8s*",
 "index_patterns": ["k8s*"], 
 "settings": {
  "number_of_shards": 5,
  "number_of_replicas": 0    # 生産為3份副本集，本es為單節點，不能配置副本集
 }
}'      

HDSS7-11.host.com

cd /opt/src
wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/kafka/2.2.0/kafka_2.12-2.2.0.tgz
tar xf kafka_2.12-2.2.0.tgz -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/kafka_2.12-2.2.0/ /opt/kafka
cd /opt/kafka      

mkdir /data/kafka/logs -p
cat >config/server.properties <<'EOF'
log.dirs=/data/kafka/logs
zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181    # zk消息隊列位址 
log.flush.interval.messages=10000
log.flush.interval.ms=1000
delete.topic.enable=true
host.name=hdss7-11.host.com
EOF      

bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon config/server.properties
]# netstat -luntp|grep 9092
tcp6    0   0 10.4.7.11:9092     :::*          LISTEN   34240/java      

源碼下載下傳位址

運維主機

HDSS7-200.host.com

kafka-manager是kafka的一個web管理頁面,非必須

1 準備Dockerfile

cat >/data/dockerfile/kafka-manager/Dockerfile <<'EOF'
FROM hseeberger/scala-sbt
ENV ZK_HOSTS=10.4.7.11:2181 \
     KM_VERSION=2.0.0.2
RUN mkdir -p /tmp && \
    cd /tmp && \
    wget https://github.com/yahoo/kafka-manager/archive/${KM_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
    tar xxf ${KM_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
    cd /tmp/kafka-manager-${KM_VERSION} && \
    sbt clean dist && \
    unzip  -d / ./target/universal/kafka-manager-${KM_VERSION}.zip && \
    rm -fr /tmp/${KM_VERSION} /tmp/kafka-manager-${KM_VERSION}
WORKDIR /kafka-manager-${KM_VERSION}
EXPOSE 9000
ENTRYPOINT ["./bin/kafka-manager","-Dconfig.file=conf/application.conf"]
EOF      

2 制作docker鏡像

cd /data/dockerfile/kafka-manager
docker build . -t harbor.od.com/infra/kafka-manager:v2.0.0.2
(漫長的過程)
docker push harbor.zq.com/infra/kafka-manager:latest      

建構過程極其漫長,大機率會失敗,是以可以通過第二種方式下載下傳建構好的鏡像

但建構好的鏡像寫死了zk位址,要注意傳入變量修改zk位址

鏡像下載下傳位址

docker pull sheepkiller/kafka-manager:latest
docker images|grep kafka-manager
docker tag  4e4a8c5dabab harbor.zq.com/infra/kafka-manager:latest
docker push harbor.zq.com/infra/kafka-manager:latest      

mkdir /data/k8s-yaml/kafka-manager
cd /data/k8s-yaml/kafka-manager      

cat >deployment.yaml <<'EOF'
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: kafka-manager
  namespace: infra
  labels: 
    name: kafka-manager
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels: 
      name: kafka-manager
  template:
    metadata:
      labels: 
        app: kafka-manager
        name: kafka-manager
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kafka-manager
        image: harbor.zq.com/infra/kafka-manager:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
          protocol: TCP
        env:
        - name: ZK_HOSTS
          value: zk1.od.com:2181
        - name: APPLICATION_SECRET
          value: letmein
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: harbor
      restartPolicy: Always
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      securityContext: 
        runAsUser: 0
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate: 
      maxUnavailable: 1
      maxSurge: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 7
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
EOF      

cat >service.yaml <<'EOF'
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata: 
  name: kafka-manager
  namespace: infra
spec:
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 9000
    targetPort: 9000
  selector: 
    app: kafka-manager
EOF      

cat >ingress.yaml <<'EOF'
kind: Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata: 
  name: kafka-manager
  namespace: infra
spec:
  rules:
  - host: km.zq.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend: 
          serviceName: kafka-manager
          servicePort: 9000
EOF      

任意一台運算節點上：

kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/kafka-manager/deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/kafka-manager/service.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/kafka-manager/ingress.yaml      

HDSS7-11.host.com

上

~]# vim /var/named/zq.com.zone
km    A   10.4.7.10
~]# systemctl restart named
~]# dig -t A km.od.com @10.4.7.11 +short
10.4.7.10      

http://km.zq.com

添加叢集

檢視叢集資訊

官方下載下傳位址

HDSS7-200.host.com

mkdir /data/dockerfile/filebeat
cd /data/dockerfile/filebeat      

cat >Dockerfile <<'EOF'
FROM debian:jessie
# 如果更換版本,需在官網下載下傳同版本LINUX64-BIT的sha替換FILEBEAT_SHA1
ENV FILEBEAT_VERSION=7.5.1 \ FILEBEAT_SHA1=daf1a5e905c415daf68a8192a069f913a1d48e2c79e270da118385ba12a93aaa91bda4953c3402a6f0abf1c177f7bcc916a70bcac41977f69a6566565a8fae9c  
RUN set -x && \
 apt-get update && \
 apt-get install -y wget && \
 wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-${FILEBEAT_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -O /opt/filebeat.tar.gz && \
 cd /opt && \
 echo "${FILEBEAT_SHA1} filebeat.tar.gz" | sha512sum -c - && \
 tar xzvf filebeat.tar.gz && \
 cd filebeat-* && \
 cp filebeat /bin && \
 cd /opt && \
 rm -rf filebeat* && \
 apt-get purge -y wget && \
 apt-get autoremove -y && \
 apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
COPY filebeat.yaml /etc/
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash","/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EOF      

cat >/etc/filebeat.yaml << EOF
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  fields_under_root: true
  fields:
    topic: logm-PROJ_NAME
  paths:
    - /logm/*.log
    - /logm/*/*.log
    - /logm/*/*/*.log
    - /logm/*/*/*/*.log
    - /logm/*/*/*/*/*.log
  scan_frequency: 120s
  max_bytes: 10485760
  multiline.pattern: 'MULTILINE'
  multiline.negate: true
  multiline.match: after
  multiline.max_lines: 100
- type: log
  fields_under_root: true
  fields:
    topic: logu-PROJ_NAME
  paths:
    - /logu/*.log
    - /logu/*/*.log
    - /logu/*/*/*.log
    - /logu/*/*/*/*.log
    - /logu/*/*/*/*/*.log
    - /logu/*/*/*/*/*/*.log
output.kafka:
  hosts: ["10.4.7.11:9092"]
  topic: k8s-fb-ENV-%{[topic]}
  version: 2.0.0      # kafka版本超過2.0，預設寫2.0.0 
  required_acks: 0
  max_message_bytes: 10485760
EOF      

cat >docker-entrypoint.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
ENV=${ENV:-"test"}                    # 定義日志收集的環境
PROJ_NAME=${PROJ_NAME:-"no-define”}   # 定義項目名稱
MULTILINE=${MULTILINE:-"^\d{2}"}      # 多行比對，以2個資料開頭的為一行，反之
# 替換配置檔案中的内容
sed -i 's#PROJ_NAME#${PROJ_NAME}#g' /etc/filebeat.yaml
sed -i 's#MULTILINE#${MULTILINE}#g' /etc/filebeat.yaml
sed -i 's#ENV#${ENV}#g'             /etc/filebeat.yaml
if [[ "$1" == "" ]]; then
     exec filebeat  -c /etc/filebeat.yaml 
else
    exec "$@"
fi
EOF      

docker build . -t harbor.od.com/infra/filebeat:v7.5.1
docker push       harbor.od.com/infra/filebeat:v7.5.1      

使用dubbo-demo-consumer的鏡像,以邊車模式運作filebeat

]# vim /data/k8s-yaml/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/deployment.yaml 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: dubbo-demo-consumer
  namespace: test
  labels: 
    name: dubbo-demo-consumer
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels: 
      name: dubbo-demo-consumer
  template:
    metadata:
      labels: 
        app: dubbo-demo-consumer
        name: dubbo-demo-consumer
      annotations:
        blackbox_path: "/hello?name=health"
        blackbox_port: "8080"
        blackbox_scheme: "http"
        prometheus_io_scrape: "true"
        prometheus_io_port: "12346"
        prometheus_io_path: "/"
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dubbo-demo-consumer
        image: harbor.zq.com/app/dubbo-tomcat-web:apollo_200513_1808
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 20880
          protocol: TCP
        env:
        - name: JAR_BALL
          value: dubbo-client.jar
        - name: C_OPTS
          value: -Denv=fat -Dapollo.meta=http://config-test.zq.com
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
#--------新增内容--------
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /opt/tomcat/logs
          name: logm
      - name: filebeat
        image: harbor.zq.com/infra/filebeat:v7.5.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: ENV
          value: test             # 測試環境
        - name: PROJ_NAME
          value: dubbo-demo-web   # 項目名
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /logm        
          name: logm
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {} #随機在主控端找目錄建立,容器删除時一起删除
        name: logm
#--------新增結束--------
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: harbor
      restartPolicy: Always
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      securityContext: 
        runAsUser: 0
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate: 
      maxUnavailable: 1
      maxSurge: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 7
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600      

任意node節點

kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/deployment.yaml      

浏覽器通路

http://km.zq.com,

看到kafaka-manager裡，topic打進來，即為成功

進入dubbo-demo-consumer的容器中,檢視logm目錄下是否有日志

kubectl -n test exec -it dobbo...... -c filebeat /bin/bash
ls /logm
# -c參數指定pod中的filebeat容器
# /logm是filebeat容器挂載的目錄      

HDSS7-200.host.com

docker pull logstash:6.8.6
docker tag  d0a2dac51fcb harbor.od.com/infra/logstash:v6.8.6
docker push harbor.zq.com/infra/logstash:v6.8.6      

準備目錄

mkdir /etc/logstash/      

建立test.conf

cat >/etc/logstash/logstash-test.conf <<'EOF'
input {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "10.4.7.11:9092"
    client_id => "10.4.7.200"
    consumer_threads => 4
    group_id => "k8s_test"               # 為test組
    topics_pattern => "k8s-fb-test-.*"   # 隻收集k8s-fb-test開頭的topics
  }
}
filter {
  json {
    source => "message"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.4.7.12:9200"]
    index => "k8s-test-%{+YYYY.MM.DD}"
  }
}
EOF      

建立prod.conf