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Java學習路線-26:位元組流與字元流OutputStream/InputStream/Writer/Reader第16章 位元組流與字元流

第16章 位元組流與字元流

72 流的基本概念

File類是唯一一個與檔案本身有關的程式處理類

File類隻能夠操作檔案本身,而不能操作檔案内容

IO操作:輸入輸出操作

java.io 抽象類

輸出            輸入
位元組流:OutputStream, InputStream
字元流:Writer,       Reader      

檔案處理流程:

1、File找到一個檔案

2、通過位元組流或字元流的子類為父類對象執行個體化

3、利用位元組流或字元流中的方法實作資料出入與輸出操作

4、流的操作屬于資源操作,資源操作必須進行關閉

73 OutputStream位元組輸出流

實作代碼

public interface AutoCloseable {
    void close() throws Exception;
}

public interface Closeable extends AutoCloseable {
    public void close() throws IOException;
}

public interface Flushable {
    void flush() throws IOException;
}

public abstract class OutputStream 
    implements Closeable, Flushable{

    public abstract void write(int b) throws IOException;
    public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException;
    public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
}

// 子類
public class FileOutputStream extends OutputStream{
    // 覆寫
    public FileOutputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException

    // 追加
    public FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append) 
        throws FileNotFoundException;
}
      

内容輸出到檔案

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("demo/demo.txt");

        // 父級目錄不存在則建立
        if(!file.getParentFile().exists()){
            file.getParentFile().mkdir();
        }

        String message = "這是輸出的内容";

        // 将字元串轉換為位元組數組輸出到檔案,并關閉檔案
        FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);
        output.write(message.getBytes());
        output.close();
    }
}      

自動關閉的寫法

try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file)){
    output.write(message.getBytes());
}catch (IOException e){
    e.printStackTrace();
}      

使用追加換行輸出

String message = "這是輸出的内容\r\n";

FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file, true);
output.write(message.getBytes());
output.close();      

74 InputStream位元組輸入流

public abstract class InputStream implements Closeable{
    // 讀取單個位元組資料,讀到檔案底部傳回-1
    public abstract int read() throws IOException;

    // 讀取一組位元組資料,傳回讀取的個數,檔案底部傳回-1
    public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException;
    public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
}      

檔案尾部傳回 -1, 表示檔案讀取完成

子類

public class FileInputStream extends InputStream{
    public FileInputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException
    public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException
}      

讀取示例

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("demo/demo.txt");

        FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);

        // 開辟緩沖區讀取資料
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        int len = input.read(data);
        System.out.println("["  + new String(data, 0, len) + "]");

        input.close();

    }
}      

75 Writer字元輸出流

Writer可以直接輸出字元串

public abstract class Writer 
    implements Appendable, Closeable, Flushable{
        public void write(char cbuf[]) throws IOException;
        public void write(String str) throws IOException;
    }

public class OutputStreamWriter extends Writer

public class FileWriter extends OutputStreamWriter{
    public FileWriter(String fileName, boolean append);
    public FileWriter(String fileName)
    public FileWriter(File file)
    public FileWriter(File file, boolean append)
}      

代碼執行個體

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;


class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("demo/demo.txt");

        FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(file);

        writer.write("hello java");
        writer.append("你好!java!");

        writer.close();

    }
}      

76 Reader字元輸入流

繼承關系

public abstract class Reader implements Readable, Closeable

public class InputStreamReader extends Reader

public class FileReader extends InputStreamReader{
    public FileReader(File file);
    public FileReader(String fileName);    
}
      
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;


class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("demo/demo.txt");

        FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);

        char[] data= new char[1024];
        int len = reader.read(data);
        System.out.println(new String(data, 0, len));

        reader.close();

    }
}      

字元流讀取隻能按照數組資料讀取

77 位元組流與字元流的差別

不使用close關閉

使用位元組流輸出 OutputStream 正常輸出

使用字元流輸出 Writer 無法輸出,使用了緩沖區

close會強制重新整理緩沖區(flush)

位元組流不使用緩沖區,字元流使用緩沖區

78 轉換流

位元組流與字元流操作的功能轉換

import java.io.*;

class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File file = new File("demo/demo.txt");

        // 位元組流轉字元流操作
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        Writer wirter = new OutputStreamWriter(out);

        wirter.write("你好");

        wirter.close();
    }
}      
OutputStream(Closeable, Flushable)
    -FileOutputStream

InputStream(Closeable)
    -FileInputStream
    
Writer(Appendable, Closeable, Flushable)
    -OutputStreamWriter
        -FileWriter

Reader(Readable, Closeable)
    -InputStreamReader
        -FileReader      

緩存,程式中間緩沖區

位元組資料:101010101…

79 綜合實戰:檔案拷貝

實作檔案拷貝操作

使用位元組流

方案一:

全部讀取,一次性輸出

方法二:

每次讀取一部分,輸出一部分

import java.io.*;


class FileUtil {

    public static void copyFile(String src, String target) throws IOException {

        InputStream input = new FileInputStream(src);
        OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(target);

        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;

        while ((len = input.read(data)) != -1) {
            output.write(data, 0, len);
        }

        input.close();
        output.close();

    }

    public static void copyDir(String src, String target) throws IOException {
        File srcFile = new File(src);
        File targetFile = new File(target);

        if (!targetFile.exists()) {
            targetFile.mkdirs();
        }

        File[] results = srcFile.listFiles();

        if (results != null) {
            for (File file : results) {
                String fileName = targetFile + File.separator + file.getName();

                if (file.isDirectory()) {
                    copyDir(file.getPath(), fileName);
                } else {
                    copyFile(file.getPath(), fileName);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileUtil.copyDir("demo", "demo2");
        System.out.println("拷貝完成");
    }
}      

如果拷貝目錄則使用遞歸拷貝