使用SpringBoot架構開發,讀取配置是少不了的,那麼你會讀取配置嗎?你會寫配置嗎?List?Map?
1 目的
本節我們要解決如下幾個問題:
- 如何使用Spring Boot讀取配置檔案?有哪些方式?
- 常用的幾種資料結構,如字元串、整數、List、Map,如何配置?如何讀取?
- 如何自定義配置檔案的路徑?
2 讀配置檔案
Spring Boot預設的配置檔案有兩種格式:
application.properties
和
application.yml
。
查找順序是首先從
application.properties
查找,如果找不到,再查找
application.yml
優先級:
application.properties > application.yml
首先,添加依賴。
Maven:
<!-- spring boot config -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
Gradle:
annotationProcessor 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor'
2.1 使用 @Value 讀取配置
配置如下:
erwin.name=馮文議
erwin.age=20
erwin.sex=男
erwin.english-name=Erwin Feng
erwin.birthday=1992/02/26
erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel
erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京
erwin.moreOther={myWeb:'https://fengwenyi.com',github:'https://github.com/fengwenyi'}
代碼如下:
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.*;
/**
* @author Erwin Feng
* @since 2020/8/11
*/
@Data
@Configuration
public class ReadConfigByValue {
@Value("${erwin.name}")
private String name;
@Value("${erwin.age}")
private Integer age;
@Value("${erwin.sex}")
private String sex;
@Value("${erwin.english-name}")
private String englishName;
@Value("${erwin.birthday}")
private Date birthday;
@Value("${erwin.like}")
private List<String> likes;
@Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}")
private List<String> visitedCities;
@Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}")
private Map<String, String> moreOther;
}
2.2 使用 @ConfigurationProperties 讀取配置
配置如下(properties格式)
author.name=馮文議
author.age=20
author.sex=男
author.english-name=Erwin Feng
author.birthday=1992/02/26
author.like[0]=movie
author.like[1]=game
author.like[2]=music
author.like[3]=tea
author.like[4]=travel
author.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京
author.moreOther.myWeb=https://fengwenyi.com
author.moreOther.github=https://github.com/fengwenyi
配置如下(yaml格式)
author:
name: 馮文議-yml
age: 20
sex: 男
english-name: Erwin Feng
birthday: 1992/02/26
like:
- movie
- game
- music
- tea
- travel
visitedCities: 巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京
moreOther:
myWeb: https://fengwenyi.com
github: https://github.com/fengwenyi
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Erwin Feng
* @since 2020/8/12
*/
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "author")
public class AuthorConfig implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 9032405467573421607L;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
private String englishName;
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy/MM/dd")
private Date birthday;
private List<String> like;
private List<String> visitedCities;
private Map<String, String> moreOther;
}
讀取出來的資料展示:
{
"name":"馮文議",
"age":20,
"englishName":"Erwin Feng",
"birthday":"1992/02/26",
"likes":[
"movie",
"game",
"music",
"tea",
"travel"
],
"visitedCities":[
"巴中",
"揭陽",
"廣州",
"從化",
"成都",
"三亞",
"上海",
"杭州",
"北京"
],
"moreOther":{
"myWeb":"https://fengwenyi.com",
"github":"https://github.com/fengwenyi"
}
}
2.3 通過注入環境變量來擷取配置資訊
@Autowired
private Environment environment;
3 @Value 用法
3.1 設定預設值
格式:@Value("${name:defaultValue}")
當配置檔案找不到這個配置時,就會傳回預設值,如果沒有預設值,就會報錯。
3.2 可以直接讀取系統的屬性值
如:@Value("${java.home}")
D:JavaJava8jdk1.8.0_251jre
3.3 可以用在方法和參數上,當做單元測試
// 單元測試-讀取配置檔案的值
@Value("${erwin.like}")
public void testReadLike(String like, @Value("${erwin.sex}") String sex) {
System.out.println("1===>" + like);
System.out.println("1===>" + sex);
}
參數 like 會取 @Value("${erwin.like}") 的值
參數 sex 會取 @Value("${erwin.sex}") 的值
經過測試,多個方法,執行順序是随機。
特别注意:這個隻是在啟動的時候執行,但是實際調用的時候,還是傳入的值。
3.4 讀取list的值
方法一:
配置檔案:
erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel
Java代碼:
@Value("${erwin.like}")
private List likes;
方法二:
erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京
@Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}")
private List visitedCities;
3.5 讀取Map的值
erwin.moreOther={myWeb:' https://fengwenyi.com ',github:' https://github.com/fengwenyi '}
@Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}")
private Map moreOther;
3.6 讀取系統屬性
@Value("#{systemProperties}")
private Map systemPropertiesMap;
3.7 給私有屬性指派
@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:values.properties")
public class PriorityProvider {
private String priority;
@Autowired
public PriorityProvider(@Value("${priority:normal}") String priority) {
this.priority = priority;
}
// standard getter
}
4 @ConfigurationProperties
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;
import com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support.YamlPropertySourceFactory;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author Erwin Feng
* @since 2020/8/13
*/
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")
//@PropertySource({"classpath:config/db.properties"})
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:config/db.yml"}, factory = YamlPropertySourceFactory.class)
public class DBConfig implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6527591545525817929L;
/** 伺服器位址 */
private String host;
/** 端口 */
private Integer port;
/** 資料庫名 */
private String dbName;
/** 使用者名 */
private String username;
/** 密碼 */
private String password;
}
db:
host: localhost
port: 3306
db-name: test
username: root
password: 123456
說明:
1、@Configuration 表明這是一個Spring配置,會注入到Spring容器中。
2、@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db") 表示這個類與配置檔案關聯,其中prefix指明字首。
3、@PropertySource 這個指明配置檔案的位置,如果沒有這個配置,則會從預設的配置檔案讀取。預設的配置檔案:application.properties > application.yml。另外,這個預設隻支援properties類型的檔案,是以,需要配置factory。
4、@PropertySource也可以與@Value結合使用。
YamlPropertySourceFactory
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support;
import org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.EncodedResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertySourceFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author Erwin Feng
* @since 2020/8/13
*/
public class YamlPropertySourceFactory implements PropertySourceFactory {
@Override
public PropertySource<?> createPropertySource(String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
// 傳回 yaml 屬性資源
return new YamlPropertySourceLoader()
.load(resource.getResource().getFilename(), resource.getResource())
.get(0);
}
}
參考連結
- @Value用法: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-value-annotation
- 自定義配置 隻讀properties 不讀 yml檔案: https://blog.csdn.net/WTUDAN/article/details/103313167
- Spring配置檔案user.name配置無效: https://blog.csdn.net/u013536829/article/details/80027391
關于
我是馮文議(Erwin Feng),Java Developer,專注于程式設計與開發。開源項目:JavaLib、api-result。喜歡電影、遊戲、音樂、茶、旅行。
我的個人網站:
我的Github: