Pom.xml檔案部分内容解析

檢視dependency

指令以樹的形式列印項目的依賴

mvn dependency:tree           

mvn建立項目

mvn archetype:generate           

檢視超級pom.xml

mvn help:effective-pom           

pom.xml的内容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <!-- The Basics -->
  <groupId>...</groupId>
  <artifactId>...</artifactId>
  <version>...</version>
  <packaging>...</packaging>
  <dependencies>...</dependencies>
  <parent>...</parent>
  <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
  <modules>...</modules>
  <properties>...</properties>
 
  <!-- Build Settings -->
  <build>...</build>
  <reporting>...</reporting>
 
  <!-- More Project Information -->
  <name>...</name>
  <description>...</description>
  <url>...</url>
  <inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
  <licenses>...</licenses>
  <organization>...</organization>
  <developers>...</developers>
  <contributors>...</contributors>
 
  <!-- Environment Settings -->
  <issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
  <ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
  <mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
  <scm>...</scm>
  <prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
  <repositories>...</repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
  <distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
  <profiles>...</profiles>
</project>           

Exclusions排除傳遞依賴

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  ...
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-embedder</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <exclusions>
        <!--排除指定依賴包-->
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <!--排除全部依賴-->
         <exclusion>
          <groupId>*</groupId>
          <artifactId>*</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    ...
  </dependencies>
  ...
</project>           

dependencyManagement 版本号依賴管理

Maven中的dependencyManagement元素提供了一種管理依賴版本号的方式。在dependencyManagement元素中聲明所依賴的jar包的版本号等資訊，那麼所有子項目再次引入此依賴jar包時則無需顯式的列出版本号。Maven會沿着父子層級向上尋找擁有dependencyManagement 元素的項目，然後使用它指定的版本号。

Aggregation的用法

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
  <modules>
    <module>my-project</module>
    <module>another-project</module>
    <module>third-project/pom-example.xml</module>
  </modules>
</project>           

Plugins的用法

roject xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <build>
    ...
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
        <extensions>false</extensions>
        <inherited>true</inherited>
        <configuration>
          <classifier>test</classifier>
        </configuration>
        <dependencies>...</dependencies>
        
        <!--在某個特定的生命周期階段執行某個插件的功能 大多數時候是内置綁定的-->
        <executions>...</executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>           

pluginManagement用法

plugins 下的 plugin 是真實使用的，而 pluginManagement 下的 plugins 下的 plugin 則僅僅是一種聲明，子項目中可以對 pluginManagement 下的 plugin 進行資訊的選擇、繼承、覆寫等。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  ...
  <build>
    ...
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.6</version>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>pre-process-classes</id>
              <phase>compile</phase>
              <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
              </goals>
              <configuration>
                <classifier>pre-process</classifier>
              </configuration>
            </execution>
          </executions>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    ...
  </build>
</project>