天天看點

3步輕松搞定Spring Boot緩存前言1. 建立一個Spring Boot工程2. 配置Ehcache緩存3. 使用@Cacheable注解4. 緩存測試

作者:譚朝紅

前言

本次内容主要介紹基于Ehcache 3.0來快速實作Spring Boot應用程式的資料緩存功能。在Spring Boot應用程式中,我們可以通過Spring Caching來快速搞定資料緩存。

3步輕松搞定Spring Boot緩存前言1. 建立一個Spring Boot工程2. 配置Ehcache緩存3. 使用@Cacheable注解4. 緩存測試

接下來我們将介紹如何在三步之内搞定 Spring Boot 緩存。

1. 建立一個Spring Boot工程

你所建立的Spring Boot應用程式的maven依賴檔案至少應該是下面的樣子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
    <artifactId>cache</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cache</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
            <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
           

依賴說明:

spring-boot-starter-cache為Spring Boot應用程式提供緩存支援

ehcache提供了Ehcache的緩存實作

cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的緩存規範

2. 配置Ehcache緩存

現在,需要告訴Spring Boot去哪裡找緩存配置檔案,這需要在Spring Boot配置檔案中進行設定:

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml
           

然後使用@EnableCaching注解開啟Spring Boot應用程式緩存功能,你可以在應用主類中進行操作:

package com.ramostear.cache;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}
           

接下來,需要建立一個 ehcache 的配置檔案,該檔案放置在類路徑下,如resources目錄下:

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
        xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
    <service>
        <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
    </service>
    <cache alias="person">
        <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
        <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
        <expiry>
            <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
        </expiry>
        <listeners>
            <listener>
                <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
                <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
                <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
                <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
            </listener>
        </listeners>
        <resources>
                <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
                <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
        </resources>
    </cache>
</config>
           

最後,還需要定義個緩存事件監聽器,用于記錄系統操作緩存資料的情況,最快的方法是實作CacheEventListener接口:

package com.ramostear.cache.config;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);
    @Override
    public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
        logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
                cacheEvent.getType(),
                cacheEvent.getKey(),
                cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
                cacheEvent.getNewValue());
    }
}
           

3. 使用@Cacheable注解

要讓Spring Boot能夠緩存我們的資料,還需要使用@Cacheable注解對業務方法進行注釋,告訴Spring Boot該方法中産生的資料需要加入到緩存中:

package com.ramostear.cache.service;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Service(value = "personService")
public class PersonService {
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
    public Person getPerson(Long id){
        Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","[email protected]");
        return person;
    }
}
           

通過以上三個步驟,我們就完成了Spring Boot的緩存功能。接下來,我們将測試一下緩存的實際情況。

4. 緩存測試

為了測試我們的應用程式,建立一個簡單的Restful端點,它将調用PersonService傳回一個Person對象:

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {
    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService;
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
        return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}
           

Person是一個簡單的POJO類:

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person implements Serializable{
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
}
           

以上準備工作都完成後,讓我們編譯并運作應用程式。項目成功啟動後,使用浏覽器打開:

http://localhost:8080/persons/1

,你将在浏覽器頁面中看到如下的資訊:

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"[email protected]"}
           

此時在觀察控制台輸出的日志資訊:

2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] 
o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 5 ms
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] 
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 
null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729
           

由于我們是第一次請求API,沒有任何緩存資料。是以,Ehcache建立了一條緩存資料,可以通過CREATED看一了解到。

我們在ehcache.xml檔案中将緩存過期時間設定成了1分鐘(1),是以在一分鐘之内我們重新整理浏覽器,不會看到有新的日志輸出,一分鐘之後,緩存過期,我們再次重新整理浏覽器,将看到如下的日志輸出:

2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1]
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event EXPIRED 1
com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] 
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1
null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce
           

第一條日志提示緩存已經過期,第二條日志提示Ehcache重新建立了一條緩存資料。

總結

在本次案例中,通過簡單的三個步驟,講解了基于 Ehcache 的 Spring Boot 應用程式緩存實作。文章内容重在緩存實作的基本步驟與方法,簡化了具體的業務代碼,有興趣的朋友可以自行擴充。

最後

歡迎大家一起交流,喜歡文章記得點個贊喲,感謝支援!