溫馨提示：要看高清無碼套圖，請使用手機打開并單擊圖檔放大檢視。
1.文檔編寫目的
MySQL資料庫自身提供的主從複制功能可以友善的實作資料的多處自動備份，實作資料庫的擴充。多個資料備份不僅可以加強資料的安全性，通過實作讀寫分離還能進一步提升資料庫的負載性能。本文檔講述如何實作MySQL主從複制。注：本文檔實作的MySQL主備模式為Active-Passive而不是Active-Active，如果使用雙活的方式，建議企業内部配備MySQL的DBA來維護MySQL。CDH叢集在運作過程中，MySQL的負載并不會太高，推薦的方式是Active-Passive模式，以降低維護成本和維護難度。
- 内容概述
1.Master和Slave配置
2.建構主從複制
3.主從複制驗證
- 測試環境
1.兩台Linux伺服器（172.31.10.118(主)/172.31.5.190），作業系統為CentOS6.5
2.MySQL5.1.73
3.采用root使用者操作
- 前置條件
1.兩個MySQL版本必須一緻
2.兩個MySQL已安裝好，且沒有任何資料
3.主MySQL必須開啟bin-log日志
2.MySQL主從複制
2.1Master和Slave配置
配置檔案說明：
log-bin：開啟二進制日志，日志檔案字首
server-id：資料庫服務的唯一辨別確定辨別不重複，一般設定為伺服器ip的末尾數
binlog-format：設定Mysql binlog記錄日志的格式（格式含：Statement、MIXED、ROW），MySQL預設使用的是Statement，推薦使用MIXED。
- Master主服務配置(172.31.10.118)
修改/etc/my.conf檔案，增加如下配置
[root@ip-172-31-10-118 cloudera-scm-server]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=118
binlog_format=MIXED
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid - Slave服務配置(172.31.5.190)
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=190
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid - 修改配置後重新開機Master和Slave的MySQL服務。
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# 2.1建構主從複制
- 在Master(172.31.10.118) 主MySQL上建立一個mysnc使用者
使用者名：mysync 密碼：mysync
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; mysync使用者必須具有REPLICATION SLAVE權限。說明一下172.31.%，這個配置是指明mysync使用者所在伺服器，這裡%是通配符，表示IP以172.31開頭的Server都可以使用mysync使用者登陸Master主伺服器。也可以指定固定IP。
指令行操作
[root@ip-172-31-10-118 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 2.檢視Master(172.31.10.118) MySQL二進制日志File與Position
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1121 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 3.在Slave從MySQL上執行如下SQL
change master to
master_host='172.31.10.118',
master_user='mysync',
master_password='mysync',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=1121; 指令行執行
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
...
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
...
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='172.31.10.118',
-> master_user='mysync',
-> master_password='mysync',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=1121;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> 4.在Slave從MySQL上執行指令，啟動同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 5.在Slave MySQL上檢視Slave狀态
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.31.10.118
Master_User: mysync
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
Relay_Log_Space: 407
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 注意：上圖示注部分顯示為“Yes”則表示主從複制建構成功。
2.3主從複制驗證
- 登入Master主MySQL上執行SQL
2.登入Slave從MySQL上執行SQL
3.在Master主MySQL上執行SQL
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table table1(id int, name varchar(32));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 4.在Slave從MySQL上執行SQL檢視
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 通過上述測試，Master主MySQL建立的庫和表都正常的同步到Slave從MySQL。
3.備注
- 如何停止并删除主從同步，在Slave從MySQL上執行如下SQL
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> reset slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 注意：執行上述操作後，需要重新開機MySQL服務。
- MySQL配置參數說明
參考文檔：
http://blog.csdn.net/wlzx120/article/details/52301383推薦關注Hadoop實操，第一時間，分享更多Hadoop幹貨，歡迎轉發和分享。
原創文章，歡迎轉載，轉載請注明：轉載自微信公衆号Hadoop實操
![【MySQL資料庫】資料庫索引事務1.索引2.事務[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)