Yum（全稱為 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一個在Fedora中的shell前端軟體包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能夠從指定的伺服器自動下載下傳RPM包并且安裝，可以自動處理依賴性關系，并且一次安裝所有依賴的軟體包，無須繁瑣地一次次下載下傳、安裝。
<b>軟體包來源</b>
可供Yum下載下傳的軟體包包括fedora 本身的軟體包以及源自rpm.livna.org的Fedora Extras，全部是由Linux社群維護的，并且基本是自由軟體。所有的包都有一個獨立的GPG簽名，主要是為了你的系統安全。而對于Fedora core 4.0 的使用者，rpm.livna.org 的簽名是自動導入并安裝的。
<b>圖形化前端</b>
Yum的圖形化前端主要有yumex和kyum。它們并不是獨立于Yum的，而是Yum的圖形前端，也就是說在安裝和使用Yumex和kyum同時，都是以Yum的安裝和配置為基礎；是以在用Yumex或kyum 時，必須先安裝配置Yum。
一.做好準備工作.
1.安裝FTP,一般都是通過FTP來下載下傳軟體包.
安裝好後啟動它.
2.現在進行拷貝檔案.
把CD光牒裡的所有檔案都拷貝到/var/ftp/pub/下面.實際上隻拷貝Server 和VT兩個檔案過去就行了,還可以不用把全部RPM安裝軟體包拷貝過去,太多了,一共2.4G左右,如果系統一開始安裝配置設定給var的空間不夠就可以這樣做.
完成後切換到/var/ftp/pub/目錄下
删除*.html
删除Server/repodata/TRANS.TBL
删除VT/repodata/TRANS.TBL
以上是建議删除的,不删除也可以.
二.配置用戶端
進去後添加如下内容.注意看清了内容很類似.
配置檔案内容簡介：
[ ]内的是倉庫的名字
name倉庫的描述
baseurl 是你的YUM源位址,因為這裡配置的是FTP,還可以是HTTP,FILE等
enabled 是否啟用這個倉庫，1為起用，0為禁用
gpgcheck 是否檢查GPG簽名（用來驗證要安裝的包是不是REDHAT官方的）
GPGKEY 的存放位址需要用下面的指令到入這個簽名。才能使用這項功能
三.配置伺服器
安裝createrepo工具，然後用這個工具生成YUM通用資料庫.
可看到一個是安裝,兩個操作,很類似的.也可以看到是成功的.
這樣就OK下
四.下面看下yum的指令和進行測試.
1. yum install <package> 這裡是安裝下載下傳的軟體包,由于本實驗沒有提供FTP下載下傳.
2.yum localinstall <package> 本地安裝軟體包,在這裡本伺服器做YUM源.看個例子.
[root@rhel5 /]# yum localinstall /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp*
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp - 12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp-devel - 12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6 - 0.10-33.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6_client - 0.10-33.el5.i386
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be updated
---> Package dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be updated
---> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
dhcp i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm 2.1 M
dhcp-devel i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm 1.4 M
dhcpv6 i386 0.10-33.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 759 k
dhcpv6_client i386 0.10-33.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 161 k
Transaction Summary
Install 4 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 4.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: dhcp ######################### [1/4]
Installing: dhcpv6 ######################### [2/4]
Installing: dhcpv6_client ######################### [3/4]
Installing: dhcp-devel ######################### [4/4]
Installed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5
Complete!
[root@rhel5 /]#
3.yum update 全部更新
[root@rhel5 /]# yum update
Setting up Update Process
No Packages marked for Update/Obsoletion
4.yum update package 更新指定程式包package
5.yum check-update
[root@rhel5 /]# yum check-update
Reading repository metadata in from local filesck-update
6.yum info <package> 顯示安裝包資訊
7.yum list 顯示所有已經安裝和可以安裝的程式包
8.yum list <package> 顯示指定程式包安裝情況
9.yum search <keyword>查找軟體包
[root@rhel5 /]# yum search "dhcp*"
dhcpv6_client.i386 0.10-33.el5 installed
Matched from:
dhcpv6_client
DHCPv6 client
Provides the client for the DHCPv6 protocol (RFC 3315) to support
dynamic configuration of IPv6 addresses and parameters.
See man dhcp6c(8), dhcp6c.conf(5), and the documentation in
/usr/share/dhcpv6_client* .
<a href="http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/">[url]http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/[/url]</a>
dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 installed
dhcp-devel
Development headers and libraries for interfacing to the DHCP server
Libraries for interfacing with the ISC DHCP server.
<a href="http://isc.org/products/DHCP/">[url]http://isc.org/products/DHCP/[/url]</a>
dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 installed
dhcp
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server and relay agent.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows
individual devices on an IP network to get their own network
configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,
etc.) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make it
easier to administer a large network. The dhcp package includes the
ISC DHCP service and relay agent.
To use DHCP on your network, install a DHCP service (or relay agent),
and on clients run a DHCP client daemon. The dhcp package provides
the ISC DHCP service and relay agent.
dhcpv6.i386 0.10-33.el5 installed
dhcpv6
DHCPv6 - DHCP server and client for IPv6
Implements the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks in accordance with
RFC 3315 : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6).
Consists of dhcp6s(8), the server DHCP daemon, and dhcp6r(8),
the DHCPv6 relay agent.
Install this if you want to support dynamic configuration of
IPv6 addresses and parameters on your IPv6 network.
See man dhcp6s(8), dhcp6r(8), dhcp6s.conf(5),
and the documentation in /usr/share/doc/dhcpv6* .
10.yum remove | erase package1 删除程式包
[root@rhel5 /]# yum remove "dhcp*"
Setting up Remove Process
---> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be erased
---> Package dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be erased
---> Package dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be erased
---> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 set to be erased
Removing:
dhcp i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 installed 2.1 M
dhcp-devel i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 installed 1.4 M
dhcpv6 i386 0.10-33.el5 installed 759 k
dhcpv6_client i386 0.10-33.el5 installed 161 k
Install 0 Package(s)
Remove 4 Package(s)
Removing : dhcp ######################### [1/4]
Removing : dhcpv6 ######################### [2/4]
Removing : dhcpv6_client ######################### [3/4]
Removing : dhcp-devel ######################### [4/4]
Removed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-3.el5 dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 dhcpv6_client.i386 0:0.10-33.el5
yum 會把下載下傳的軟體包和header存儲在cache中，而不會自動删除。如果覺得它們占用了磁盤空間，可以使用yum clean指令進行清除.
yum clean headers清除header
yum clean packages清除下載下傳的rpm包
yum clean all 清除header與rpm包
基本完成,呵呵.
本文轉自yangming1052 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/ming228/117655，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
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