mysql備份工具之mysqlhotcopy

   mysqlhotcopy使用lock tables、flush tables和cp或scp來快速備份資料庫.它是備份資料庫或單個表最快的途徑,完全屬于實體備份,但隻能用于備份MyISAM存儲引擎和運作在資料庫目錄所在的機器上.與mysqldump備份不同,mysqldump屬于邏輯備份,備份時是執行的sql語句.使用mysqlhotcopy指令前需要要安裝相應的軟體依賴包.

1.安裝mysqlhotcopy所依賴的軟體包(perl-DBD,DBD-mysql)

[root@tong2 ~]# yum install perl-DBD* -y

[root@tong2 ~]# tar xvf DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz

[root@tong2 ~]# cd DBD-mysql-4.029

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# perl Makefile.PL

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make install

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# echo $?

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# cd 

[root@tong2 ~]#

2.檢視mysqlhotcopy的幫助資訊

[root@tong2 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf     --在配置檔案中添加如下參數

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

host=localhost

user=root

password=system

port=3306

[root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart      --重新開機服務

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy  --help

Warning: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy Ver 1.23

Usage: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy db_name[./table_regex/] [new_db_name | directory]

  -?, --help           display this help-screen and exit

  -u, --user=#         user for database login if not current user

  -p, --password=#     password to use when connecting to server (if not set

                       in my.cnf, which is recommended)

  -h, --host=#         hostname for local server when connecting over TCP/IP

  -P, --port=#         port to use when connecting to local server with TCP/IP

  -S, --socket=#       socket to use when connecting to local server

      --old_server     connect to old MySQL-server (before v5.5) which

                       doesn't have FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK fully implemented.

  --allowold           don't abort if target dir already exists (rename it _old)     --不覆寫以前備份的檔案

  --addtodest          don't rename target dir if it exists, just add files to it      --屬于增量備份

  --keepold            don't delete previous (now renamed) target when done

  --noindices          don't include full index files in copy          --不備份索引檔案

  --method=#           method for copy (only "cp" currently supported)

  -q, --quiet          be silent except for errors

  --debug              enable debug                                          --啟用調試輸出

  -n, --dryrun         report actions without doing them

  --regexp=#           copy all databases with names matching regexp   --使用正規表達式

  --suffix=#           suffix for names of copied databases

  --checkpoint=#       insert checkpoint entry into specified db.table    --插入檢查點條目

  --flushlog           flush logs once all tables are locked                    --所有表鎖定後重新整理日志

  --resetmaster        reset the binlog once all tables are locked         --一旦鎖表重置binlog檔案

  --resetslave         reset the master.info once all tables are locked   --一旦鎖表重置master.info檔案   

  --tmpdir=#        temporary directory (instead of /tmp)

  --record_log_pos=#   record slave and master status in specified db.table

  --chroot=#           base directory of chroot jail in which mysqld operates

  Try 'perldoc /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy' for more complete documentation

3.備份一個資料庫到一個目錄中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/tong/

total 112

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    15 Jan  5 14:35 q.isl

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  8554 Jan  4 18:03 t.frm

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan  4 18:03 t.ibd

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/tong

4.備份多個資料庫到一個目錄中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong mysql /opt/tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/

total 8

drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 mysql

drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/{mysql,tong} -d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/mysql

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/tong

5.備份資料庫中某一個表

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system mysql./user*/ /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/mysql/

total 20

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 user.frm

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql   784 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYD

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYI

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.*

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.frm

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql   784 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYI

6.恢複資料

[root@tong2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/tong

[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 29

Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

[root@tong2 ~]# cp -arp /opt/tong /var/lib/mysql/         --将備份的資料移到mysql資料根目錄

Your MySQL connection id is 30

mysql> \u tong

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_tong |

| t              |

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

本文轉自 z597011036 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/tongcheng/1599337，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者