nginx+php+fastcg+xcache+mysql+openx說明：本文是使用nginx 安裝廣告釋出系統openx2.4
其中參考文檔：張宴BLOG linuxtone.org論壇文檔 官方文檔
<a href="http://liuyu.blog.51cto.com/183345/82841">http://liuyu.blog.51cto.com/183345/82841</a>
及CU個人空間
<b>下次将寫為什麼我們需要使用nginx 它有那此功能，與apache相比優勢在那。</b>
Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理伺服器，也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理伺服器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯通路量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的，它已經在該站點運作超過兩年半了。Igor 将源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式釋出。
本文安裝環境：
os:rh8 ,centos5
kernel:2.6
相關軟體包：libjpeg libpng freetype libxml2 zlib (這些可以用RPM包安裝，相應的開發包也裝上*-devel)
mysql 5.0 我這裡用的壓縮版，直接解壓設定權限使用的
同時也可以安裝zend
nginx+php5+fastcgi+xcache+mysql 這套系統還可以安裝discuz+zend
安裝過程：
一、mysql
shell> /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
shell> /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> gunzip < /PATH/TO/MYSQL-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s FULL-PATH-TO-MYSQL-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
我這裡也是省事，沒有選擇編譯安裝，其實最主要是注意權限問題。mysql啟動問題就不大。
二、PHP (本人在RH8上也安裝成功，就是相關的依賴比較多)
shell>tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
shell>gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
shell>cd php-5.2.6/
shell>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-gd --with-openssl
shell>make && make install
shell>cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
注：沒有php5.0 的php-fpm更新檔包
參數可由自己定，php5卻需要安裝gd,libxml2,fastcgi,fpm,mbstring 對于memcache,xcache 可自行選擇
gd又依賴：jpeg,png,zlib,freetype,gd2
在編譯過程中有可能會遇到一些錯誤。
一般解決辦法為：更新rpm為最新的，并安裝相關的依賴包
下載下傳源碼包安裝到其它目前，編譯時指定相關的目錄。
具體的情況可以多看./configure --help
三、xcache 給PHP加速(建議安裝)
shell>tar zxvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
shell>cd xcache-1.2.2/
shell>/usr/local/php5/bin/phpize
shell>./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config --enable-xcache
shell>make &&make install
四、修改php.ini （可下載下傳附件進行檢視）
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-
20060613/" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#display_errors = On#display_errors = Off#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
在未尾加入
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user = "xcache"
; xcache.admin.pass = md5($yourpasswd)
xcache.admin.pass = "8e6867a5d05144cf4761d6481fc674a8"
[xcache]
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.size = 32M
; cpu number (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor)
xcache.count = 2
xcache.slots = 8k
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
xcache.var_size = 2M
xcache.var_count = 2
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.readonly_protection = Off
xcache.mmap_path = "/dev/zero"
五、修改php-fpm.conf （可下載下傳附件進行檢視）
vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf
使用者組及PHP目錄及，其它的一些資訊可以根據自己的環境和需求來定
# <?xml version="1.0" ?>
# <configuration>
#
# All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
# <section name="global_options">
# Pid file
# <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
# Error log file
# <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
# Log level
# <value name="log_level">notice</value>
# When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
# <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
# ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
# Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
# <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
# Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
# <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
# Set to 'no' to debug fpm
# <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
# </section>
# <workers>
# <section name="pool">
# Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
# <value name="name">default</value>
# Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
# Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
# <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
# <value name="listen_options">
# Set listen(2) backlog
# <value name="backlog">-1</value>
# Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
# In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
# Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
# <value name="owner"></value>
# <value name="group"></value>
# <value name="mode">0666</value>
# </value>
# Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
# <value name="php_defines">
# <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
# <value name="display_errors">0</value>
# Unix user of processes
# <value name="user">www</value>
# Unix group of processes
# <value name="group">www</value>
# Process manager settings
# <value name="pm">
# Sets style of controling worker process count.
# Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
# <value name="style">static</value>
# Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
# Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
# Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
# Used with any pm_style.
# <value name="max_children">128</value>
# Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
# <value name="apache_like">
# Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
# Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
# <value name="StartServers">20</value>
# Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
# <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
# Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
# <value name="MaxSpareServers">250</value>
# </value>
# Time limit on waiting execution of single request
# Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason
# <value name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>
# Set open file desc rlimit
# <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
# Set max core size rlimit
# <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
# Chroot to this directory at the start
# <value name="chroot"></value>
# Chdir to this directory at the start
# <value name="chdir"></value>
# Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
# If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
# <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
# How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
# Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
# For endless request processing please specify 0
# Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
# <value name="max_requests">51200</value>
# Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
# Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
# Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
# <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
# Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
# <value name="environment">
# <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
# <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
# <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
# <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
# <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
# <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
# <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
# <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
# </section>
# </workers>
# </configuration>
啟動php-cgi
/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm start(stop)
六、建立nginx運作的使用者及組
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
php-fpm也用此使用者及組啟動
七、安裝nginx
tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.6.31/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
編譯安裝速度超快。不需要像apache那樣漫長的等待，我這裡并沒有發生錯誤。呵
八、配置啟動nginx 配置fcgi
見附件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
相關指令：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 測試配置檔案
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v 檢視相關版本
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –c </path/to/config>為nginx指定配置檔案
退出nginx
kill –QUIT nginx_pid
重新開機nginx
kill -HUP nginx-pid
笨方法就是：ps -ef |grep nginx 再kill pid
九、nginx啟動腳本(linuxtone.org)
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --level 35 nginx on
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Nginx-php-fpm(fastcgi)
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 3 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop nginx-fcgi in external FASTCGI mode
# Description: Start and stop nginx-fcgi in external FASTCGI mode
### END INIT INFO
set -e
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="nginx daemon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
# Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
d_start() {
/usr/local/php-fcgi/sbin/php-fpm start > /dev/null 2>&1
$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n " already running"
}
d_stop() {
/usr/local/php-fcgi/sbin/php-fpm stop > /dev/null 2>&1
kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " not running"
d_reload() {
/usr/local/php-fcgi/sbin/php-fpm reload > /dev/null 2>&1
kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " can't reload"
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
d_start
echo "."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
d_stop
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration ..."
d_reload
echo "reloaded."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
sleep 1
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
exit 3
esac
exit 0
十、nginx日志處理腳本：
注意：不能直接删除/.../access.log。加入crontab
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
gzip -c /..../logs/access.log > /.../logs/${date}.log.gz
:>/..../logs/access.log
另一個腳本：
#!/bin/bash
# linuxtone.org
log_dir="/data/logs"
time=`date +%Y%m%d`
/bin/mkdir -p ${log_dir}/${date_dir} > /dev/null 2>&1
/bin/mv ${log_dir}/access_count.linxutone.org.log ${log_dir}/access_count.linuxtone.org.$time.log
kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
十一、安裝openx2.4
解壓後放到/usr/local/nginx/html目錄。
設定權限 chown www:www -R openx
chmod 777 -R openx/var
就可以安裝了，圖形的很好安裝
相關的更新文檔說明，翻譯，及錯誤都在附件裡。
大家可以下載下傳~~
openx 的更新翻譯Warning: Server timezone not correctly set in PHP.
Please see the documentation about setting this variable for PHP.
If you are using PHP 5.1 or 5.2 set the correct timezone in your php.ini file:
date.timezone = Europe/London
If you are using PHP 4.3, 4.4 or 5.0 export the TZ environment variable in your web server configuration. If you are using an Apache web server, do this using the SetEnv directive in httpd.conf:
SetEnv TZ Europe/London
If you do not have access to set the timezone on your server ask your system administrator or your hosting provider to set this up for you.
Alternatively, you can call "date_timezone_default_set()" on PHP 5.1 and PHP 5.2 or you can set "date.timezone" in a .htaccess file.
############################################################################################
Prepare the database 準備資料庫
The upgrade process guides you through synchronising your old and new databases. But there can be additional preparations:
更新過程将指導你完成同步新舊資料庫.
before you perform the upgrade.
字首字母小寫:如果你現有的資料庫字首中包含大寫字母, 你必須在更新動作之前把所有字首改成小寫字母
Large database: During the upgrade, OpenX copies each affected table, which can be very time-consuming for large databases. To avoid this process, create a file named "NOBACKUPS" in the var/ directory for your new version of OpenX. When the Install Wizard detects this file, it does not copy tables.
擴大資料庫:更新過程中, OpenX會複制每一個涉及到的表格, 是以對于較大資料庫來說這個過程耗時較長. 為了避免這種情況, 為你的新OpenX系統建立一個名為"NOBACKUPS"的檔案.一旦安裝程式找到這個檔案, 将不再進步複制.
Database Setup
Upgrade only
The Database Setup page displays database settings detected from your existing installation. Check the settings to ensure they are correct. If the settings are not correct, amend them in your configuration file and go back to the start of the install and upgrade wizard. When you are satisfied the settings are in order, click Continue to start the process of altering your database. This process can take some time. When the process is finished, the screen updates to report that your database has been upgraded successfully.
Click Continue to open the Configuration Setup page.
更新專用 資料庫安裝頁面顯示檢測到的你已安裝的的檔案.檢查設定是否正确.如果不對,在配置檔案中修複然後重新啟動更新向導. 如果你認為設定正确可以占擊繼續開始更新資料庫. 此過程需要一定時間. 安裝過程結束後, 螢幕會顯示你的資料庫更新成功. 點選繼續打開配置檔案頁面
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