天天看點

路由器IOS更新方法總結

路由器IOS更新方法總結 

IOS更新方法一

在對能夠正常啟動的CISCO路由器的IOS進行更新時,比較簡單。具體步驟如下:

1、尋找一種TFTP伺服器軟體(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在更新較大IOS映象檔案時,建議用3Cserver),安裝在一台計算機上,将要更新的IOS映象檔案拷貝到相關的目錄中(例:D:\),并運作TFTP伺服器軟體,通過菜單設定Root目錄為拷貝IOS映象檔案所在目錄(如D:\)。假設該計算機的IP位址為10.32.10.1;

2、連接配接路由器的console口與PC機的COM1,使用PC的超級終端軟體通路路由器,将路由器的位址設為10.32.10.32(與計算機的IP位址同網段即可)。建議在進行IOS更新前将原有IOS檔案備份下來,防止待更新的IOS檔案存在問題不可用;

QUOTE:

     Router# dir flash:     (檢視目前IOS映象檔案名,也可用Router#Show version)

     Directory of flash:/

     1  -rw-     5998292                C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

     8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)

     Router#copy flash tftp            (備份IOS檔案)

     Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

     Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1    (TFTP伺服器位址)

     Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     …

     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)

     Router#

3、對路由器進行IOS更新;

     Router#copy tftp flash

     Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1       (TFTP伺服器位址)

     Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin         (需更新的新IOS映象檔案名)

     Do you want to over write? [confirm]

     Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...

     Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

     Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

     Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee

     Erase of flash: complete

     Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     [OK - 5998292 bytes]

     Verifying checksum...  OK (0xA0C0)

     5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)

IOS更新方法二

由于更新失敗後或者路由器的config-register寄存器值為0x2101時,開啟路由器時、或者在開啟(某些型号)Cisco路由器的電源開關後30秒内按下Ctrl+break鍵,中斷路由器的正常啟動,路由器都會進入rom監視模式,即Router(boot)>,在這種情形下,對路由器的IOS進行更新,也比較簡單。首先進入特權模式下,即

     Router(boot)>en

     Router(boot)# 

其他更新步驟同方法一,即:執行copy tftp flash指令,對IOS進行更新。更新完成後,不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值為0x2102(恢複正常值)。

     Router(boot)# t

     Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102

     Router(boot)( config)#exit

     Router(boot)#wr

     Router(boot)#reload       

重新開機即可。

IOS更新方法三

由于不小心使用了指令erase flash或更新失敗後或在開啟(某些型号)Cisco路由器的電源開關後30秒内按下Ctrl+break鍵,中斷路由器的正常啟動,路由器都會進入rom監視模式,即 rommon 1>,在這種情形下,對路由器的IOS進行更新,情況要稍微複雜一點。在rommon 1>狀态下,可鍵?請求幫助。(1為指令行序号,每執行1條指令自動加1)

     rommon 1 > ?

     alias               set and display aliases command

     boot                boot up an external process

     break               set/show/clear the breakpoint

     confreg             configuration register utility

     cont                continue executing a downloaded image

     context             display the context of a loaded image

     cookie              display contents of cookie PROM in hex

     dev                 list the device table

     dir                 list files in file system

     dis                 display instruction stream

     dnld                serial download a program module

     frame               print out a selected stack frame

     help                monitor builtin command help

     history             monitor command history

     meminfo             main memory information

     repeat              repeat a monitor command

     reset               system reset

     set                 display the monitor variables

     stack               produce a stack trace

     sync                write monitor environment to NVRAM

     sysret              print out info from last system return

     tftpdnld            tftp image download

     unalias             unset an alias

     unset               unset a monitor variable

     xmodem              x/ymodem image download

     rommon 2 >

在rommon 1>狀态下有兩種更新IOS方法。

(一)、通過Xmodem指令(注:Xmodem與實際的modem沒有任何聯系 隻是一個傳輸協定 資料是通過終端的序列槽和路由器的Console口灌進去的)更新IOS,具體步驟如下:

1、用Cisco原配的線纜連接配接路由器的console口與PC機的COM1,使用PC機的超級終端軟體通路路由器,這時不需要對PC和路由器配置任何位址。

2、在這個模式下,輸入Xmodem指令,即:

     rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

     (-c是帶校驗,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin為存放在PC機上的IOS映像檔案)

     WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!

     Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

     Do you wish to continue? y/n  [n]:  y

Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ...      (此時在超級終端的傳送欄目=> 選擇發送檔案選項 => 再選擇Xmodem 并指明IOS映像檔案所在的路徑,按發送即開始上傳IOS,等待時間很長,視IOS的大小和傳輸速度。)

     Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

     program flash location 0x605b0000

     Download Complete!

傳完以後,對整個系統初始化 顯示如下:

     program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0

     Self decompressing the image : #################################################

     ################################################# [OK]

     Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10

     Using iomem percentage: 10

     Restricted Rights Legend

     Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

     subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

     (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted

     Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

     (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer

     Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

     cisco Systems, Inc.

     170 West Tasman Drive

     San Jose, California 95134-1706

     Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

     IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,  RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

     Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

     Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

     Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48

     cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory

     Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)

     M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49

     Bridging software.

     X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.

     1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

     2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)

     32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

     8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

     Press RETURN to get started!

     *Mar  1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1

     *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

     *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

     *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

     *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

     *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

     *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

     *Mar  1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console

     *Mar  1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down

     *Mar  1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

     *Mar  1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

Router>

采用這種方法時,由于使用console口來傳送,速率為9600bps,需要時間較長。是以可修改console口速率利用xmodem指令實作快速更新IOS。具體方法如下:

     rommon 1 > confreg 回車

     Configuration Summary

     enabled are:

     load rom after netboot fails

     console baud: 9600

     boot: image specified by the boot system commands

     or default to: cisco2-C2600

     do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (選擇 yes)

     enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (選擇 yes)

     enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

     4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (選擇 7,用最大的11520

     速率的xmodem傳輸)

     change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     console baud: 115200

     do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

     rommon 2 > reset 回車 

注意:在按reset鍵前,需要修改序列槽速度(我的電腦---端口屬性----序列槽速度調為115200),然後再修改超級終端裡設定速率為115200,記住,一定要這麼做,否則會出現亂碼! 然後關閉這個超級終端,重建立立一個超級終端連接配接,重新啟動系統後,出現

     rommon 1> 提示符 

然後,輸入

     rommon 1> xmodem -r

     Do not start the sending program yet...

     Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (選擇 yes)

     Ready to receive file ... 

此時,在超級終端的菜單上的“傳送”---“發送檔案”----選擇IOS映像檔案所在地以及選擇使用“xmodem”協定,點選“發送”即可。等待10-20分鐘左右就可更新完3-6M的IOS檔案!待更新完成後,請記住修改回計算機序列槽與超級終端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等傳輸速率為9600bps。

方法如下:

     Router>en 進入新IOS的特權模式

     Router#reload 重新開機系統

     Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回車

     00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested

     System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

     Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

     TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info

     PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0

     C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory

     PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684           

     monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt      

     30秒内按ctrl+break鍵

     rommon 1 > confreg ( 輸入“confreg”指令)

     enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (選擇 no)

     4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (選擇 0,改回用标準速率速率9600的xmodem傳輸)

     do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

     rommon 2 > 

此時手工改回計算機序列槽與超級終端2者傳輸速率為9600

然後敲入

     rommon 2 >reset 

最好關掉電源後,重新啟動。利用xmodem指令實作路由器IOS更新速度較慢,往往等上很長時間,為了快速更新,可以采用下列方法。

(二)通過tftpdnld指令更新IOS,具體步驟如下:

1、用Cisco原配的線纜連接配接路由器的console口與PC機的COM1,使用PC機的超級終端軟體通路路由器;用一根雙絞線連接配接路由器的eth0/0口與PC機的網卡。

2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP位址設為10.32.10.32;PC機的IP位址設為10.32.10.1。将要更新的IOS映象檔案拷貝到相關的目錄中,并運作TFTP伺服器軟體,通過菜單設定Root目錄為拷貝IOS映象檔案所在目錄。

3、通過set 指令檢視配置參數

     rommon 2 > set

     PS1=rommon ! >

     BOOT=

     BSI=0

     RET_2_RTS=

     ?=0

4、在 rommon 狀态下輸入:(注意大小寫)

     rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1             (路由器的ip位址)

     rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0     (路由器的掩碼)

     rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32     (預設網關,是pc機的ip位址)

     rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32         (是pc機的ip位址)

     rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN    (上傳ios檔案的名稱)

     rommon 8>sync                             (儲存參數配置)

     rommon 9 >set                              (檢視)

     rommon 10 > set

     IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1

     IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0

     DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32

     TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32

     TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

     rommon 11 >tftpdnld

執行tftpdnld指令進行ios更新,有時可能會報錯或指令不執行,這時隻要用sync指令儲存配置後,重新啟動路由器(最好關掉電源再開機)後,再執行tftpdnld指令就可以了。

     rommon 11 >tftpdnld(傳送檔案)出現提示選擇y

     IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1

     IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0

     DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32

     TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32

     TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

     Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

     WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!

     Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:  y

     Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

     File reception completed.

     Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.

     rommon 13 >

     在rommon 13 >提示符下鍵入reset,或重新啟動路由器(power-cycle),進入正常引導狀态,即:

     Router>

交換機如何更新IOS:

1、用控制線連接配接交換機console口與計算機序列槽1,用帶有xmodem功能的終端軟體連接配接(win2000 and xp的超級終端就帶這功能)。

2、設定連接配接方式為序列槽1(如果連接配接的是其他序列槽就選擇其他序列槽),速率9600,無校驗,無流控,停止位1。或者點選預設設定也可以。

3、連接配接以後計算機回車出現交換機無ios的界面,一般的提示符是:switch: (如果不是請繼續下面步驟4-5)

4、拔掉交換機後的電源線

5、按住交換機面闆左側的mode鍵(一般交換機就着一個鍵),插入交換機後邊的電源插頭給交換機加電。等到看到交換機面闆上所有以太口訓示燈都亮綠燈(隻有1口不亮)和交換機的幾個系統訓示燈隻有最上面一個常亮時,放開mode鍵。

6、放開mode鍵後,在超級終端提示符switch:後輸入:

switch:flash_init

會出現如下提示:

Initializing Flash...

flashfs[0]: 1 files, 1 directories

flashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories

flashfs[0]: Total bytes: 3612672

flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 1536

flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 3611136

flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 3 seconds.

...done Initializing Flash.

Boot Sector Filesystem (bs installed, fsid: 3

Parameter Block Filesystem (pb installed, fsid: 4

7、switch:load_helper

輸入後無提示

8:輸入拷貝指令:(格式:copy xmodem: flash:imagename.bin)注:在flash前要加一個空格

switch:copy xmodem: flash:image_filename.bin

我的實際指令是:

switch: copy xmodem: flash:c3550-i5q3l2-mz.121-20.EA1a.bin

出現如下提示:

Begin the Xmodem or Xmodem-1K transfer now...

9、系統提示不斷出現C這個字母就可以開始傳檔案了

10、點選超級終端菜單:傳送---發送檔案,在協定選項中選擇Xmodem或者Xmodem-1K協定,然後選擇ios的影像檔案(*.bin),開始傳送。

11、因為不能改速率,是以傳送得很慢,我的大概傳送了100分鐘左右,請耐心等待。

12、傳送完畢後提示:

File "xmodem:" successfully copied to "flash: c3550-i5q3l2-mz.121-20.EA1a.bin "

switch:

13、在提示符下輸入

switch:boot

啟用新的ios系統,此時我的原配置還都在!

14、拔掉電源後重新加電完成恢複工作。

from:http://www.mimicall.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=7&ID=248&page=1

     本文轉自 wqmsl 51CTO部落格,原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/wqmsl/309278,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者