用這種方式來搭建DG ，主庫的停機時間很少，隻需要重新開機一下，使參數生效。也可以用這種方法進行DB遷移。DG搭建好，然後把備庫激活就可以了。 這樣整個遷移中當機時間也比較短。
Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支援open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。 是以就有了physical standby 穩定和logical standby 的報表查詢功能。
Oracle： 11.2.0.1
OS： redhat 5.5
Primary IP: 192.168.2.42
DB_NAME=sanfu
Standby IP: 192.168.2.43
一. Primary 端操作：
1. 設定歸檔模式
這個生産庫都是這種模式。
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
2. Primary 設定force logging
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOG
---------
YES
3. 配置Oracle Net
在Primary 庫和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr指令配置。
注意：修改完後記得重新開機listener。
Listener.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
-- 配置靜态注冊
tnsname.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
sanfus =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
sanfup =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))
4. 添加data guard 參數
建立pfile, 添加如下檔案：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfup'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfus reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='sanfus'
*.fal_client='sanfup'
注意：
在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest參數已經被取消了。
Standby歸檔檔案的存放位置按如下規則來進行：
（1）當LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n設定了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那麼在不定義standby_archive_dest參數時，Oracle就會選擇LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n參數作為歸檔目标。
（2）如果在第一步設定的同時，又獨立設定LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n參數為 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 屬性，那麼當compatible參數大于10.0的時候，會自動的選擇任意一個LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。
（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 沒有設定的話，預設位置是：
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.
不過valid_for參數的預設值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 是以隻要設定了本地的歸檔位置，遠端的歸檔檔案也會放到這個目錄下面。
5. 用新pfile重新開機主庫
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
File created.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 310380928 bytes
Database Buffers 104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
二. Standby 端設定：
1. 建立相關目錄結構
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave
--這裡我們建立的目錄和Target 庫不同，我們在參數檔案裡需要轉換一下。
2. 建立standby的密碼檔案
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle
3. 建立standby的初始化參數：
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*db_name=orcl
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(standby_logfile, standby_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfup reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.fal_server='sanfup'
*.fal_client='sanfus'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
4. 用pfile 将standby 啟動到nomount狀态：
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora
Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes
Fixed Size 1335080 bytes
Variable Size 92274904 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes
5. 開始duplicate
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@sanfup auxiliary sys/oracle@sanfus
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 16:10:25 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' ;
--用duplicate 建立standby 時會複制密碼檔案
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 08-MAR-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 08-MAR-11
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl' from
--建立控制檔案
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T161152 RECID=4 STAMP=745258313
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Starting restore at 08-MAR-11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 08-MAR-11
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
--将備庫啟動到mount standby
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf";
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
--将datafile convert 到其他目錄
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf in control file
--開始copy datafile，如果資料檔案比較大，這個會比較慢
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
sql statement: alter system archive log current
switch clone datafile all;
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11
RMAN>
DG 複制到這一步已經操作完成了。 但是還有一些細節需要處理。
兩點注意事項：
（1）如果使用的是非catalog，在rman 連接配接時，加上nocatalog關鍵字，如：
DG2:/home/oracle> rman targetsys/oracle@DG_PD auxiliarysys/oracle@DG_ST nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on Fri Oct 28 18:46:46 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DG(DBID=1679060044)
using target databasecontrol file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: DG (notmounted)
不然會報如下錯誤：
DBGSQL: TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;
DBGSQL: sqlcode = 6550
DBGSQL: B :fhdbi = 32767
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGESTACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db commandat 10/28/2011 17:53:04
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored scriptMemory Script
ORA-06550: line 1, column 17:
PLS-00201: identifier'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
（2） 在執行duplicate的時候，如果源庫和目标庫目錄相同，那麼在duplicate 時，需要加上nofilenamecheck，如下：
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
我在上面的示例中，目錄結構不同，是以沒有用該參數，如果目錄相同，而又沒有加該參數，那麼就會報如下錯誤：
RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the targetdatabase
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/undotbs01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/system01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
三. 後續工作
1. 主庫已經使用了spfile，但是備庫用的還是之前的pfile：
Primary:
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
Standby:
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string
pfile裡面都是我們設定的一些基本參數。 但是備庫有備援的作用，是以這裡還是建議用主庫的pfile copy過來，然後修改相關參數後，在建立spfile。這樣即使切換了，對DB的影響也不大。
2. 隻要備庫的監聽不重新開機，重新開機備庫後，主庫還是能識别的。 如果備庫的監聽重新開機了。那麼主庫也就需要重新開機。
3. 複制結束後的Standby 隻啟動到mount standby 的狀态。 并沒有啟動MRP的應用歸檔程式。 是以這個時候查詢主備庫，歸檔是不同步的。需要手動的啟動MRP程序。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
4. 備庫Standby redo log 問題：
在duplicate 結束後，備庫沒有添加standby redo log file。 但是主庫采用的是：lgwr async傳送的日志。 當備庫的RFS 程序接收到日志後，發現備庫沒有standby redo log的時候，備庫會自動用ARCH将其寫入歸檔檔案。
以下是備庫的alert log：
Tue Mar 08 16:53:32 2011
Archived Log entry 9 added for thread 1 sequence 21 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 22 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 16:53:36 2011
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_21_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 22 (in transit) --傳輸中
Tue Mar 08 16:58:58 2011
Archived Log entry 10 added for thread 1 sequence 22 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:
RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 23 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 16:59:00 2011
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_22_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 23 (in transit)
-- 注意這裡歸檔檔案目錄，使用的是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs, 自動轉換為ARCH時，也是使用預設的歸檔目錄。
5. 在備庫添加standby redo log：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01156: recovery or flashback in progress may need access to files
--在備庫添加standby redo log需要先停MRP
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;
在看一下日志：
Tue Mar 08 17:47:39 2011
Archived Log entry 15 added for thread 1 sequence 27 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:
RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 28 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Tue Mar 08 17:47:43 2011
Archived Log entry 16 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:
Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_27_745174404.dbf
RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 29 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404
Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_28_745174404.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 29 (in transit)
--我們添加standby redo log 之後，歸檔檔案變成了我們指定的Log_archive_dest_n 指定的參數。
6. 在主庫也添加一下standby redo log
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;
7. 啟用real-time apply，進而實作real-time query：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
8. 驗證real-time apply 和real-time query：
Primary：
SQL> create table dave(id number,name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into dave values(1,'tianlesoftware');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
Standby：
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> select * from dave;
ID NAME
---------- ---------------
1 tianlesoftware
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