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mysql+amoeba讀寫分離

mysql+amoeba讀寫分離

一 簡介:

Amoeba是一個以MySQL為底層資料存儲,并對應用提供MySQL協定接口的proxy。它集中地響應應用的請求,依據使用者事先設定的規則,将SQL請求發送到特定的資料庫上執行。基于此可以實作負載均衡、讀寫分離、高可用性等需求。與MySQL官方的MySQL Proxy相比,作者強調的是amoeba配置的友善(基于XML的配置檔案,用SQLJEP文法書寫規則,比基于lua腳本的MySQL Proxy簡單)。

Amoeba相當于一個SQL請求的路由器,目的是為負載均衡、讀寫分離、高可用性提供機制,而不是完全實作它們。使用者需要結合使用MySQL的 Replication等機制來實作副本同步等功能。amoeba對底層資料庫連接配接管理和路由實作也采用了可插撥的機制,第三方可以開發更進階的政策類來替代作者的實作。這個程式總體上比較符合KISS原則的思想。

優勢

Amoeba主要解決以下問題:

a). 資料切分後複雜資料源整合

b). 提供資料切分規則并降低資料切分規則給資料庫帶來的影響

c). 降低資料庫與用戶端連接配接

d). 讀寫分離路由

不足

a)、目前還不支援事務

b)、暫時不支援存儲過程(近期會支援)

c)、不适合從amoeba導資料的場景或者對大資料量查詢的query并不合适(比如一次請求傳回10w以上甚至更多資料的場合)

d)、暫時不支援分庫分表,amoeba目前隻做到分資料庫執行個體,每個被切分的節點需要保持庫表結構一緻:

二 準備

1三台centos7系統(注意我是安裝的minimal的系統,需要通yum安裝一些依賴包如:,yum -y groupinstall development tools,現網建議安裝DVD版)

Amoeba:192.168.161.141

Msysql master:192.168.161.142

Mysql slave:192.168.161.143

2 Amoeba上安裝jdk-7u80-linux-x64.tar.gz、amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip

3 Mysql上面安裝MySQL-client-5.6.6_m9-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm、

MySQL-server-5.6.6_m9-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

三 關閉防火牆和selinux

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

四 在161.142和161.143上面安裝mysql,并配置主從同步。

1 161.142和161.143上面都安裝mysql

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.6_m9-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.6_m9-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

2修改配置檔案

Mysql master(161.142):

[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin=mysql-bin

server-id=1

binlog-ignore-db=information_schema #新增的配置,忽略information_schema 的同步

Mysql slave(161.143):

server-id=2

3 啟動兩台mysql,配置主從

(1)啟動mysql:

systemctl start mysql

(2)修改mysql的預設密碼:

mysqladmin -uroot password '123'

(3)進入161.142 mysql master:

[root@localhost home]# mysql -uroot -p123

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

| mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | information_schema | |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(4)進入161.143 mysql slave:

執行:

配置slave伺服器:

change master to master_host='192.168.161.142',master_user='root',master_password='123',

master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=120;

啟動從伺服器的複制功能:

start slave;

檢視從伺服器複制的狀态:

mysql> show slave status\G'

1. row

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.161.142

Master_User: root

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120

Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000009

Relay_Log_Pos: 283

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120

Relay_Log_Space: 623

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

Master_UUID: f2e02c4b-f6c3-11e7-a14e-66ab28c66abe

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Slave_IO_Running: Yes,Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 兩個都為也是則沒有問題。

(5)測試:略

五 在161.141上面配置amoeba

1 161.141上面搭建Java環境

(1)解壓Java包

tar -xzvf jdk-7u80-linux-x64.tar.gz

(2)配置環境變量

修改配置檔案:

Vi /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME=/home/jdk1.7.0_80

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib.tools.jar

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

使配置檔案立即生效:

source /etc/profile

驗證Java:

[root@localhost home]# java -version

java version "1.7.0_80"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_80-b15)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.80-b11, mixed mode)

2 配置amoeba配置檔案

(1)下載下傳

wget -c

https://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/amoeba/Amoeba%20for%20mysql/3.x/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip

(2)解壓

unzip amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip -d /usr/local/amoeba

(如沒有unzip指令請自行安裝:yum install -y unzip zip)

(3)給amoeba授權mysql遠端賬戶(不推薦使用root)

grant all on . to amoeba@"%" identified by "amoeba";

flush privileges;

(4)修改配置檔案

Amoeba做讀寫分離隻需要修改dbServers.xml、amoeba.xml 這兩個配置檔案

[root@localhost amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC]# cd /usr/local/amoeba/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/

[root@localhost conf]# ls

access_list.conf amoeba.dtd amoeba.xml dbserver.dtd dbServers.xml function.dtd functionMap.xml log4j.dtd log4j.xml rule.dtd ruleFunctionMap.xml rule.xml

修改dbServers.xml

[root@localhost conf]# cat dbServers.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>

<!DOCTYPE amoeba:dbServers SYSTEM "dbserver.dtd">

<amoeba:dbServers xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">;

</amoeba:dbServers>

[root@localhost conf]#

修改amoeba.xml

[root@localhost conf]# more amoeba.xml

<!DOCTYPE amoeba:configuration SYSTEM "amoeba.dtd">

<amoeba:configuration xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">;

</amoeba:configuration>

(5)啟動amoeba

[root@server3 amoeba]# bin/launcher 

The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 228k 

Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine. 

Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit. 

錯誤文字上看,應該是由于stack size太小,導緻JVM啟動失敗,修改jvm.properties檔案JVM_OPTIONS參數 

jvm.properties(/usr/local/amoeba/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC)

        JVM_OPTIONS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx1024m -Xss196k -XX:PermSize=16m -XX:MaxPermSize=96m"

改為

        JVM_OPTIONS="-server -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss256k"

解決jdk7以上要求的啟動xss參數。

[root@server3 amoeba]# netstat -unlpt | grep java ##檢視監聽的端口 

tcp 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 1506/java

啟動/關閉amoeba

        最好先前台啟動,檢查沒有錯誤之後再背景啟動。

關閉

        # /usr/local/amoeba/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/shutdown

啟動

        # /usr/local/amoeba/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher

背景啟動并把日志儲存到/var/log/amoeba.log

        # /usr/local/amoeba/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher > /var/log/amoeba.log 2>&1 &

(6)注意:

dbServers.xml、amoeba.xml 配置檔案中的賬号密碼都是mysql資料庫中的賬号,填寫不對會出錯:

ERROR 1000 (42S02): Access denied for user 'amoeba'@'192.168.161.142:57952'(using password: YES)

六測試:

1 在161.142上面連接配接amoeba

(1)關掉master 資料庫161.142,測試是否隻讀

systemctl stop mysql

[root@localhost etc]# mysql -uamoeba -pamoeba -h192.168.161.141 -P8066

mysql> use test;

Database changed

mysql> select * from b ;

+------+------+

| sf | ff |

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into b values(5,5);

ERROR 1044 (42000): Amoeba could not connect to MySQL server[192.168.161.142:3306],Connection refused

mysql>

(2)關掉slave資料庫161.143,測試是否隻能寫,不能讀

ERROR 1044 (42000): Amoeba could not connect to MySQL server[192.168.161.143:3306],Connection refused

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

七 借鑒網址

http://blog.csdn.net/oufua/article/details/77373851

http://blog.csdn.net/sds15732622190/article/details/69262632

http://blog.csdn.net/Mryiyi/article/details/73521861

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