探索ORACLE之RMAN_07 磁盤損壞資料丢失恢複
作者：吳偉龍 Name：Prodence Woo
QQ：286507175 msn:[email protected]
有的時候在企業裡面難免會出現由于磁盤損壞而導緻資料庫的故障乃至資料的丢失，那麼這個時候，那麼這個時候資料的備份就顯得尤為的重要。在這一節我們重點讨論下由于裝載資料檔案，redo日志檔案，controlfile控制檔案的磁盤損壞的資料恢複。
6.1
通過強制解除安裝磁盤模拟資料磁盤損壞：
[root@wwldb ~]# umount -f /DBData/
umount2: 資源或裝置忙
umount: /DBData: device is busy
[root@wwldb ~]# fuser -m -k /DBData/
檢視裝置占用情況
/DBData/: 3508 3510 3512 3514 3516 3518 3529 3531 3535 3541 3610c
[root@wwldb ~]# fuser -m -k -i -k /DBData/
強制kill /DBData相關程序
[root@wwldb ~]# umount -f /DBData/
解除安裝/DBData
[root@wwldb ~]#
6.2 umount
後，通過alert看到執行個體也随之當機了。
Fri Jul 616:03:33 2012
Errors in file/DBSoft/admin/WWL/bdump/wwl_pmon_3502.trc:
ORA-00471: DBWR process terminated with error
PMON: terminating instance due to error 471
Instance terminated by PMON, pid = 3502
[root@wwldb bdump]# ps -ef|grep ora
root 2965 2943 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 hald-addon-storage: polling/dev/hdc
root 3944 3050 0 16:07 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 3945 3944 0 16:07 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 3977 3945 0 16:07 pts/2 00:00:00 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle 3978 3977 0 16:07 pts/3 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 3979 3978 0 16:07 ? 00:00:00 oracleWWL(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root 4022 3980 0 16:10 pts/4 00:00:00 grep ora
[root@wwldb bdump]#
6.3
要恢複首先要将資料庫啟動到mount狀态才能恢複
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 100663296 bytes
Fixed Size 1217884 bytes
Variable Size 88083108 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, checkalert log for more info
資料庫無法啟動到mount狀态，要執行恢複必須啟動到mount狀态下才能執行，不過我們在alert日志裡面看到是因為确實控制檔案2資料庫無法啟動到mount狀态，見如下：
Fri Jul 616:13:24 2012
ORA-00202: control file:'/DBData/oradata/WWL/control02.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
這個時候我們可以嘗試查找其它控制檔案是否都存在，存放在哪裡，隻要存在任何一個控制檔案我們隻需要修改參數檔案來達到将資料庫啟動到mount狀态。
SQL> show parameter control
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string /DBSoft/oradata/WWL/control01.ctl,
/DBData/oradata/WWL/control02.ctl, /DBData/oradata/WWL/control03.ctl
我們通過spfile參數可以看到控制檔案是存放在兩塊磁盤上，損壞的磁盤為/DBData，那麼也就以為着control02.ctl和control03.ctl兩個控制檔案損壞，這個時候我們可以通過/DBSoft磁盤上的control01.ctl來啟動資料庫，或者将control02.ctl和control03通過control01.ctl轉儲到其它磁盤上來啟動資料庫。
我現在通過修改參數檔案僅保留control01.ctl來啟動資料庫。
SQL> alter system set control_files ='/DBSoft/oradata/WWL/control01.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
我們可以看到通過修改參數檔案，現在資料庫已經啟動到mount狀态。
6.4
添加新的硬碟，并将其格式化建立檔案系統，用于資料庫資料檔案存放的新路徑，詳細步驟參考：
我剛才建立的分區名稱是/DBBak2，見如下：
[oracle@wwldb /]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
7.7G 3.0G 4.3G 42% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/DBSoft-dbsoft
20G 1.7G 18G 9% /DBSoft
/dev/mapper/DBBack-DBBack001
20G 720M 18G 4% /DBBak
/dev/mapper/DBBak2-DBBak2
20G 173M 19G 1% /DBBak2
6.5
建立對應的目錄
[oracle@wwldb ~]$ mkdir /DBBak2/oradata/WWL
[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ pwd
/DBBak2/oradata/WWL
[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ ls -a
. ..
6.6
将資料檔案恢複到/DBBak2/oradata/WWL目錄中
檢視備份資訊：
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recoverycatalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
6 Full 540.81M DISK 00:01:13 06-JUL-12
BP Key:6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120706T154942
PieceName: /DBBak/bak_WWL_07_06_06nfdv8n_1_1
List ofDatafiles in backup set 6
File LV TypeCkp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- -------------- --------- ----
1 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
2 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
5 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/wwl001.dbf
6 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/wwl002.dbf
7 Full 1263589 06-JUL-12 /DBData/WWL/wwl003.dbf
7 Full 7.11M DISK 00:00:01 06-JUL-12
BP Key:7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120706T155059
PieceName: /DBBak/bakctl_c-5520179-20120706-01
Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 1263606 Ckp time:06-JUL-12
SPFILEIncluded: Modification time: 06-JUL-12
通過備份資訊執行如下恢複到新的磁盤上：
RMAN> run {
2> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/system01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf';
3> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf';
4> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf';
5> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/users01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf';
6> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/wwl001.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf';
7> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/wwl002.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf';
8> set newname fordatafile '/DBData/WWL/wwl003.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf';
9> restore database;
10> switch datafile all;
11> recover database;
12> }
executing command: SETNEWNAME
Starting restore at 06-JUL-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=46devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: startingdatafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1:specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: readingfrom backup piece /DBBak/bak_WWL_07_06_06nfdv8n_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoredbackup piece 1
piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_07_06_06nfdv8n_1_1 tag=TAG20120706T154942
channel ORA_DISK_1: restorecomplete, elapsed time: 00:01:46
Finished restore at 06-JUL-12
datafile 1 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=8stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=9stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=10stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=11stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=12stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf
datafile 6 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=13stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf
datafile 7 switched todatafile copy
input datafile copy recid=14stamp=787945637 filename=/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf
Finsh
恢複腳本如下：
run {
set newname for datafile'/DBData/WWL/system01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf'to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile'/DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile'/DBData/WWL/users01.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf';
setnewname for datafile '/DBData/WWL/wwl001.dbf' to'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf';
set newname for datafile'/DBData/WWL/wwl002.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf';
set newname for datafile'/DBData/WWL/wwl003.dbf' to '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
}
6.7
生成控制檔案trace檔案，用來重建控制檔案：
SQL> alter database backupcontrolfile to trace as '/tmp/ctl.txt';
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILEREUSE DATABASE "WWL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXINSTANCES 8
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo01.log' SIZE 30M,
GROUP 3 '/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo03.log' SIZE 30M,
10 GROUP 4 (
) SIZE 128M,
GROUP 5 (
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo5a.log',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo4a.log',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo4b.log'
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo5b.log'
GROUP 6 (
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo6a.log',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo6b.log'
GROUP 7 (
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo7a.log',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo7b.log'
) SIZE 128M
DATAFILE
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf',
'/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16CGB231280
35 ;
Control file created.
6.8
以resetlog模式啟動資料庫：
SQL> alter database openresetlogs;
6.9
删除原redo日志檔案，重建redo新日志檔案組到新的磁盤上：
SQL> alterdatabase drop logfile group 1;
Databasealtered.
SQL> alterdatabase drop logfile group 2;
SQL> alterdatabase drop logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database addlogfile group 4 ('/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo4a.log','/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo4b.log')size 128M;
SQL> alter database addlogfile group 5('/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo5a.log','/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo5b.log') size 128M;
SQL> alter database addlogfile group 6('/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo6a.log','/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo6b.log') size 128M;
SQL> alter database addlogfile group 7 ('/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo7a.log','/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/redo7b.log')size 128M;
檢視日志組資訊及狀态：
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------
4 1 0 134217728 2 YES UNUSED 0
5 1 0 134217728 2 YES UNUSED 0
6 1 0 134217728 2 YESUNUSED 0
7 1 1 134217728 2 NO CURRENT 1263590 06-JUL-12
SQL> alter system switchlogfile;
4 1 2 134217728 2 YES INACTIVE 1263859 06-JUL-12
5 1 3 134217728 2 YESINACTIVE 1263861 06-JUL-12
6 1 4 134217728 2 YES INACTIVE 1263863 06-JUL-12
7 1 5 134217728 2 NO CURRENT 1263866 06-JUL-12
至此恢複完成。
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